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Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

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Charles V
Imperator Romanorum (more...)
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Emperor (more...)
Reign28 June 1519 –
24 February 1558[a]
Coronation
PredecessorMaximilian I
SuccessorFerdinand I
King of Spain
as Charles I
Reign14 March 1516 – 16 January 1556
PredecessorJoanna
SuccessorPhilip II
Co-monarchJoanna (until 1555)
Regents
See list
Archduke of Austria
as Charles I
Reign12 January 1519 –
21 April 1521
PredecessorMaximilian I
SuccessorFerdinand I[b]
as Charles II
Reign25 September 1506 –
25 October 1555
PredecessorPhilip the Handsome
SuccessorPhilip II of Spain
Governors
See list
Born24 February 1500
Prinsenhof of Ghent, Flanders, Habsburg Netherlands, Holy Roman Empire
Died21 September 1558(1558-09-21) (aged 58)
Monastery of Yuste, Crown of Castile, Spain
Burial
El Escorial, Spain
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1526; died 1539)​
Issue
more...
HouseHabsburg
FatherPhilip the Handsome
MotherJoanna, Queen of Castile and Aragon
ReligionCatholic Church
SignatureCharles V's signature

Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1519, King of Castile and Aragon from 1516, and Lord of the Low Countries as Duke of Burgundy from 1506.

Philip the Handsome (son of Maximilian I of Austria and Mary of Burgundy) and Joanna the Mad (daughter of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile) were his parents. He ruled Austria, Spain, Two Sicilies, Sardinia, Germany, Belgium, Holland, Luxembourg, Hungary, Bohemia, Croatia, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela.

His Majesty or His Imperial Majesty was first used when he was king. His Empire became large and was known as "in which the sun does not set". He was also known as "The Emperor of Universal Dominion."

He divided his empire between his brother Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and his son Philip II of Spain.

Issue

[change | change source]

Charles and Isabella had seven legitimate children, but only three of them survived to adulthood. Charles also had natural children before he married and after he was widowed.

Name Portrait Lifespan Notes
Philip II of Spain
 21 May 1527 –
13 September 1598 		Only surviving son, successor of his father in the Spanish crowns and became king of Portugal.
Maria
 21 June 1528 –
26 February 1603 		Married her first cousin Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor.
Ferdinand
 22 November 1529 –
13 July 1530 		Died in infancy.
Son
 29 June 1534 Stillborn.
Joanna
 24 June 1535 –
7 September 1573 		Married her first cousin João Manuel, Prince of Portugal.
John
 19 October 1537 –
20 March 1538 		Died in infancy.
Son
 21 April 1539 Stillborn.

Due to Philip II being a grandson of Manuel I of Portugal through his mother he was in the line of succession to the throne of Portugal, and claimed it after his uncle's death (Henry, the Cardinal-King, in 1580), thus establishing the personal union between Spain and Portugal.

Charles also had six children out of wedlock:

Notes

[change | change source]
  1. ↑ The chronology of his abdications has been disputed since early scholarship.[1] His public abdication to the States General of the Netherlands certainly took place on 25 October 1555.[1][2] His abdication as Spanish king is generally dated to 16 January 1556, although some give other dates.[1] This was ratified in a document dated 17 February.[1] On 3 August, he announced his abdication as emperor and instructed his commissioners to negotiate with Ferdinand and the electors the formal transfer of power.[3][4] On 27 August, Charles wrote a document to the Imperial court in Speyer (referred to as a Constitutio or Rescriptum) renouncing the Empire in favour of Ferdinand.[5][6] Then, on 7 September, he sent an edict to all States of the Empire urging them to recognize Ferdinand as their new ruler.[5][7] The abdication was not recognized by the electors until 24[14] (or 28)[20] February 1558. Ferdinand was finally proclaimed and crowned Emperor-elect on 14 March,[12] after sworing the Electoral capitulation.[21]
  2. ↑ In the name of Charles V until 1556
  3. ↑ Monarchs from the House of Habsburg ruled the Low Countries with the titular title of Duke/Duchess of Burgundy.

Regnal titles of Charles V

[change | change source]
Title From To Regnal name
Titular Duke of Burgundy 25 September 1506 25 October 1555 Charles II
Duke of Brabant 25 September 1506 25 October 1555 Charles II
Duke of Limburg 25 September 1506 25 October 1555 Charles II
Duke of Lothier 25 September 1506 25 October 1555 Charles II
Duke of Luxemburg 25 September 1506 25 October 1555 Charles III
Margrave of Namur 25 September 1506 25 October 1555 Charles II
Count Palatine of Burgundy 25 September 1506 5 February 1556 Charles II
Count of Artois 25 September 1506 25 October 1555 Charles II
Count of Charolais 25 September 1506 21 September 1558 Charles II
Count of Flanders 25 September 1506 25 October 1555 Charles III
Count of Hainault 25 September 1506 25 October 1555 Charles II
Count of Holland 25 September 1506 25 October 1555 Charles II
Count of Zeeland 25 September 1506 25 October 1555 Charles II
King of Castile and León 14 March 1516 16 January 1556 Charles I
King of Aragon 14 March 1516 16 January 1556 Charles I
King of Sicily 14 March 1516 16 January 1556 Charles I (II)
Count of Barcelona 14 March 1516 16 January 1556 Charles I
King of Naples 14 March 1516 25 July 1554 Charles IV
Archduke of Austria 12 January 1519 12 January 1521 Charles I
Holy Roman Emperor 28 June 1519 27 August 1556 Charles V
King of the Romans 23 October 1520 24 February 1530 Charles V
Count of Zutphen 12 September 1543 25 October 1555 Charles II
Duke of Guelders 12 September 1543 25 October 1555 Charles III

Template:List of monarchs of Spain

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Robertson, William (1829). Histoire de Charles-Quint (in French). Haumann. pp. 262-263 (note 1), 452–454.
  2. ↑ The Abdication of Emperor Charles V (1555/56). German History in Documents and Images.
  3. ↑ The Abdication of Emperor Charles V / Kaiserliche Instruktion für die Abdikationsgesandtschaft zu Ferdinand I. und zu den Kurfürsten. German History in Documents and Images.
  4. ↑ Archiv für österreichische Geschichte (in German). Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 1901. pp. 314–316. Instruktion für die Abdikationsgesandtschaft (Instruction for the Abdication Mission)
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bernard, Jacques (1700). Recueil Des Traitez De Paix, De Treve, De Neutralite, etc (in French). Henry Et La Veuve De T. Boom. p. 276.
  6. ↑ Lünig, Johann Christian (1720). Das deutsche Reichs-Archivs (in German). Vol. 4. pp. 355–356. Rescriptum to the Chamber-Judges and Assessors of the Holy Imperial Chamber Court in Speyer, in which he refers them to the Roman King Ferdinandum I as their future ruler.
  7. ↑ Lünig, Johann Christian (1711). Das deutsche Reichs-Archiv (in German). Vol. 6. pp. 288–289. Edictum to all Electors and States of the Holy Roman Empire, that he entrusted his lord brother, the Roman King Ferdinand I, with the rule of the German Reich.
  8. ↑ Clémencet, Charles (1784). L'art de verifier les dates des faits historiques (in French). Al. Jombert Jeune. p. 41.
  9. ↑ Herbermann, Charles George (1836). Histoire politique du règne de l'empereur Charles Quint (in French). H. Tarlier. p. 738.
  10. ↑ Chillany, F. Wilhelm (1865). Europaeische Chronik von 1492 bis Ende April 1865. pp. 16, 78.
  11. ↑ Patxot, Fernando (1856). Los héroes y las grandezas de la tierra 6. p. 399
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Setton 1984, p. 716.
  13. ↑ Ruiz, Enrique Martínez (2020). Felipe II: El hombre, el rey, el mito. La Esfera de los Libros. p. vii.
  14. ↑ [8][9][10][11][12][13]
  15. ↑ William H. Prescott (1856). Historia del reinado de Felipe Segundo, Rey de España. p. 321.
  16. ↑ Mignet, François Auguste Alexis (1878). Carlos Quinto: su abdicación, su estancia y muerte en el Monasterio de Yuste (in Spanish). Biblioteca Perojo. p. 307.
  17. ↑ Bruno Gebhardt (1890). Gebhardts Handbuch der deutschen geschichte. p. 92.
  18. ↑ de Cadenas y Vicent, Vicente (1999). Caminos y derroteros que recorrió el emperador Carlos V. Ediciones Hidalguia. p. 10.
  19. ↑ Herbermann, Charles George (1908). The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church. Robert Appleton Company. p. 629.
  20. ↑ [15][16][17][18][19]
  21. ↑ Wahlkapitulation Ferdinands I., Frankfurt am Main, 14. März 1558. V&R eLibrary
  22. ↑ Carlos V: La coronación del Emperador Archived 25 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine. National Geographic
  23. ↑ Cite error: The named reference Thomas, The Golden Empire, 38 was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page).
  24. ↑ Parker, Emperor, 545–546
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Thomas, The Golden Empire, 37
  26. ↑ Fletcher 2016, p. 50.
  27. ↑ "La hija secreta de Carlos V". hoy.es (in Spanish). 12 January 2020. Archived from the original on 21 February 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2021.
  28. ↑ Thomas, The Golden Empire, 37–38
  29. ↑ Parker, Geoffrey. Emperor, pp. 400–401, 483–484, 560
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