Lavrenty Beria

Lavrenty Beria
Лаврентий Берия
Beria in 1939
First Deputy Prime Minister of the Soviet Union
In office 5 March 1953 – 26 June 1953
Premier	Georgy Malenkov
Preceded by	Vyacheslav Molotov
Succeeded by	Lazar Kaganovich
Minister of Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union
In office 5 March 1953 – 26 June 1953
Preceded by	Sergei Kruglov
Succeeded by	Sergei Kruglov
In office 25 November 1938 – 29 December 1945
First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party
In office 15 January 1934 – 31 August 1938
In office 14 November 1931 – 18 October 1932
Personal details
Born	Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria (1899-03-29)29 March 1899 Merkheuli, Sukhum,Okrug, Kutais Governorate, Russian Empire (Today : Georgia)
Died	23 December 1953(1953-12-23) (aged 54) Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (Today : Russia)
Nationality	Soviet, Georgian
Political party	Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1917-1953)
Spouse(s)	Nina Gegechkori
Awards	Hero of the Soviet Union
Signature
Military service
Nickname(s)	Stalin’s Himmler Our Himmler
Rank	Marshal of the Soviet Union
Battles/wars	Russian Revolution (1917-1923),Russian Civil War (1917-1923),Polish-Soviet War (1918-1921) World War II (1939-1945),Korean War (1950-1953)

Lavrenty Pavlovich Beria (Georgian: ლავრენტი ბერია, Russian: Лаврентий Павлович Берия, born 9 March 1899: Merkheuli, Russian Empire (Georgia or Abkhazia) - 23 December 1953: Moscow, Soviet Union). He was a Georgian-Bolshevik, Soviet politician.

Beria was born to a poor family in Georgia and joined the Bolsheviks of Vladimir Lenin in 1917, when he was 18 years old.

Beria was leader of the the NKVD, the Soviet secret police from 1938 to1945 and of the MVD from 1946 to 1953. In 1953, after Joseph Stalin's death, Nikita Khrushchev plotted to have Beria executed.

Early life and career

Beria joined the Bolsheviks in 1917, during the Russian Revolution and the Russian Civil War. In 1938, he and Nikolai Yezhov executed the head of the NKVD, Genrikh Yagoda, and Alexey Rykov, a Leninist, during the Great Purge (1936-1938).

Soviet politician

After Vladimir Lenin died in 1924 at age 53, Stalin replaced him, and Beria joined the NKVD, which was led by Felix Dzerzhinsky (1877–1926) and then by Vyacheslav Menzhinsky (1874–1934). On 1 December 1934, Sergei Kirov was killed probably by the NKVD, and the Great Purge followed from 1936 to 1938. In 1939, during the start of World War II, the NKVD was involved in the invasion of Poland. In 1940, Stalin and Beria executed Yezhov and had Ramón Mercader from Spain kill Leo Trotsky in Mexico.

A Soviet politician, Beria was the de facto Marshal of the Soviet Union; a state security administrator; and the chief of the Soviet security and secret police apparatus, the NKVD, under Stalin during World War II against Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1945.

Beria became a postwar First Deputy Premier from 1946 to 1953. Nearly five years after the war had ended in Asia, and Korea had been liberated from Japan, another began. North Korea, led by Kim Il-Sung, invaded South Korea, led by Syngman Rhee, on June 25, 1950 and started the Korean War. Stalin's Eastern Bloc (East Germany, Czechoslovakia,Poland, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria), along with Mongolia, led by Khroloogiin Choibalsan, and China, led by Mao Zedong, helped North Korea.

Beria administered vast sections of the Soviet state. He commanded the NKVD field units responsible for anti-partisan operations on the Eastern Front during World War II. His troops also were a barrier against thousands of "turncoats, deserters, cowards and suspected malingerers." Beria administered the vast expansion of the gulag labor camps. He was responsible for overseeing the secret defense institutions known as sharashkas, which were critical to the war effort.

Beria also played the decisive role in coordinating the Soviet partisans, who developed an impressive intelligence and sabotage network behind German lines. He attended the Yalta Conference with Stalin, who introduced him to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt as "our Himmler." After the war, Beria helped to organize the communist takeover of Central and Eastern Europe.

Beria's uncompromising ruthlessness in his duties and skill at producing results led to him overseeing the Soviet atomic bomb project. Stalin gave absolute priority to the project, an achievement that was completed in less than five years. That was helped by Beria's NKVD organizing Soviet espionage against the Western Bloc.

Stalin died of a stroke on March 5, 1953 at the age of 74. Beria, along with with Vyacheslav Molotov and Georgy Malenkov, tried to replace Stalin.

Beria was promoted to First Deputy Premier, where he carried out a brief campaign of liberalization. He was briefly a part of the ruling "troika," along with Malenkov and Molotov. Beria's overconfidence in his position after Stalin's death led him to misjudge other Politburo members.

Downfall

There was a coup d'état, led by Nikita Khrushchev, along with the military forces of Marshal Georgy Zhukov. Beria was arrested on charges of treason on June 26, 1953, during a meeting in which the full Politburo condemned him, all of which had been planned by Khrushchev. The NKVD was powerless because Zhukov's troops were there. After his interrogation, Beria was taken to the basement of the Lubyanka and shot on December 23, as were six of his associates. Numerous allegations arose of Beria being a serial killer for murdering men, women, and children.