President of Syria
(Redirected from List of heads of state of Syria)
| President of Syria
رئيس سوريا | |
|---|---|
.svg) Seal of the President of Syria | |
| Executive branch of the Syrian Government | |
| Style | Mr President (informal) His Excellency (diplomatic) |
| Status | |
| Member of | |
| Residence | Presidential Palace |
| Seat | Damascus, Syria |
| Appointer | Popular vote |
| Inaugural holder | Subhi Barakat (French Mandate) Shukri al-Quwatli (current constitution) |
| Formation | 17 April 1946 |
| Deputy | Vice President |
The President of Syria is the head of state of the Syrian Arab Republic. He appoints and can fire the Prime Minister and other members of the Council of Ministers (the cabinet) and military officers.[1]
Bashar al-Assad was president for twenty-four years until being forced out of office following the success of the 2024 Syrian opposition offensives.[2]
On 29 January 2025, Ahmed al-Sharaa was appointed as the 20th president of Syria for the transitional government.[3][4]
List
[change | change source]| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Elected | Term of office | Political party | Note(s) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||||
| Syrian Arab word (1961–present) | |||||||||
| Second Syrian Republic (1961–1963) | |||||||||
| — | 
|
Maamun al-Kuzbari مأمون الكزبري (1914–1998) |
— | 29 September 1961 | 20 November 1961 | 52 days | Independent | Kuzbari took office following the 1961 coup d'état, which dissolved the United Arab Republic. | |
| — | 
|
Izzat al-Nuss عزت النص (1912–1976)[5] |
— | 20 November 1961 | 14 December 1961 | 24 days | Military | ||
| 1 | 
|
Nazim al-Qudsi ناظم القدسي (1906–1998) |
— | 14 December 1961 | 8 March 1963 | 1 year, 84 days | People's Party | The 1963 coup d'état, an event known as the March 8 Revolution, toppled Qudsi and brought the National Council for the Revolutionary Command (NCRC) to government, although real power lay with the Ba'athist Military Committee, which organized the coup.[6] | |
| Ba'athist Syria (1963–2024) | |||||||||
| Vacant (8 March 1963 – 9 March 1963) | |||||||||
| 2 | 
|
Lu'ay al-Atassi لؤي الأتاسي (1926–2003) |
— | 9 March 1963 | 27 July 1963 | 140 days | Independent | Atassi was appointed president by the NCRC because he posed no threat to the Military Committee's power.[7] He resigned after high-ranking non-Ba'athist officers were purged.[8] | |
| 3 | 
|
Amin al-Hafiz أمين الحافظ (1921–2009) |
— | 27 July 1963 | 23 February 1966 | 2 years, 211 days | Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) |
Hafiz was overthrown by the Military Committee because of his support for Michel Aflaq and the Ba'athist National Command.[9] | |
| Vacant (23 February 1966 – 25 February 1966) | |||||||||
| 4 | 
|
Nureddin al-Atassi نور الدين الأتاسي (1929–1992) |
— | 25 February 1966 | 18 November 1970 | 4 years, 266 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) |
Atassi was overthrown when a falling out occurred between Salah Jadid, the real ruler of Syria from 1966 to 1970, and Hafez al-Assad, the Minister of Defense.[10] Assad initiated a coup in 1970, known as the Corrective Movement.[11] | |
| — | 
|
Ahmad al-Khatib أحمد الخطيب (1933–1982) |
— | 18 November 1970 | 12 March 1971 | 114 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) |
||
| 5 | 
|
Hafez al-Assad حافظ الأسد (1930–2000) |
1971 1978 1985 1991 1999 |
12 March 1971 | 10 June 2000 | 29 years, 90 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) |
Assad died in office.[12] | |
| — | .jpg)
|
Abdul Halim Khaddam عبدالحليم خدام (1932–2020) |
— | 10 June 2000 | 17 July 2000 | 37 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) |
Khaddam constitutionally succeeded from the vice presidency, and served on an acting basis until the new confirmative referendum. | |
| 6 | 
|
Bashar al-Assad بَشَّارُ ٱلْأَسَدِ (born 1965) |
2000 2007 2014 2021 |
17 July 2000 | 8 December 2024 | 24 years, 144 days | Syrian Ba'ath Party (Syria Region) |
Assad was overthrown during the fall of Damascus in the Syrian civil war, and fled the country to Russia.[13] | |
| Transitional period (2024–present) | |||||||||
| Vacant (8 December 2024 – 29 January 2025) | |||||||||
| 7 | 
|
Ahmed al-Sharaa أحمد الشرع (born 1982) |
— | 29 January 2025 | Incumbent | 6 days | Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham | Sharaa served as the country's de facto leader from the overthrow of the Assad regime[14] until his appointment as president.[15][16] | |
References
[change | change source]- ↑ "Syria - The President and the Cabinet".
- ↑ "Syrian rebels say Syria is free of Assad". The Guardian. 8 December 2024. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
- ↑ "الشرع رئيسا لسوريا وحل الفصائل وحزب البعث وتعطيل الدستور" [Sharaa as President of Syria, dissolving factions and the Baath Party, and suspending the constitution]. Al Jazeera Arabic (in Arabic). 29 January 2025. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
- ↑ "Syria's Sharaa declared president for transitional period, state news agency says". Reuters. 29 January 2025. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
- ↑ "Who's who in the Arab World". 1974.
- ↑ Moubayed 2006, p. 133.
- ↑ Moubayed 2006, p. 175.
- ↑ Rabinovich 1972, p. 72.
- ↑ Seale 1990, pp. 99–101.
- ↑ Seale 1990, pp. 142–144.
- ↑ Seale 1990, pp. 162–163.
- ↑ Moubayed 2006, pp. 154–155.
- ↑ "Syrian rebels topple President Assad, prime minister calls for free elections". Reuters. 8 December 2024.
- ↑
- Salame, Richard (29 December 2024). "Syrian elections may not be held for 4 years, says de facto leader". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 29 December 2024.
- Sarkar, Alisha Rahaman (19 December 2024). "Syria's de facto new leader says it is not a threat to the West". The Independent. Archived from the original on 20 December 2024.
- Jewers, Chris (19 December 2024). "Syrian rebel leader says women's education will continue – but refuses to be drawn on alcohol". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 20 December 2024.
Ahmed al-Sharaa, Syria's de facto leader, said he believed in education for women as he denied the new government would be another version of the Taliban.
- Bowen, Jeremy (18 December 2024). "Syria not a threat to world, rebel leader Ahmed al-Sharaa tells BBC". BBC News. Archived from the original on 18 December 2024.
The de facto leader of Syria, Ahmed al-Sharaa, has said the country is exhausted by war and is not a threat to its neighbours or to the West.
- Griswold, Eliza (17 December 2024). "Reasons to Leave Syria—and to Return". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 17 December 2024.
He wanted to see how Abu Mohammed al-Jolani, the head of Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham—an Islamist group formerly linked to the Islamic State and Al Qaeda—and now the de-facto leader of Syria, behaved.
- Maher, Hatem (14 December 2024). "Syria's de facto leader not interested in new conflicts despite Israeli attacks". Reuters. Archived from the original on 14 December 2024.
- ↑ "الشرع رئيسا لسوريا وحل الفصائل وحزب البعث وتعطيل الدستور" [Sharaa as President of Syria, dissolving factions and the Baath Party, and suspending the constitution]. Al Jazeera Arabic (in Arabic). 29 January 2025. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
- ↑ "Syria's Sharaa declared president for transitional period, state news agency says". Reuters. 29 January 2025. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
