Béarnaise sauce
Béarnaise sauce (French: sauce béarnaise) [be.aʁnɛz] is a sauce made of clarified butter, egg yolks, and herbs. It is considered to be a 'child' of the mother Hollandaise sauce, one of the five mother sauces in French haute cuisine. The difference is only in their flavouring: Béarnaise uses shallot, chervil, peppercorn, and tarragon, while Hollandaise uses lemon juice.
In appearance it is light yellow and opaque, smooth and creamy.
Béarnaise is a traditional sauce for steak.[1][2]
History
[change | change source]Although a similar recipe was published in 1818, Béarnaise sauce was likely first created by the chef Collinet,[3] the inventor of puffed potatoes (French: pommes de terre soufflées), and served at the 1836 opening of Le Pavillon Henri IV, a restaurant at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, not far from Paris. Evidence for this is reinforced by the fact that the restaurant was named for Henry IV of France, a gourmet himself, who was born in the former province of Béarn.[4]
Preparation
[change | change source]A Béarnaise sauce is simply clarified butter, an egg yolk, a shallot, a little tarragon vinegar. It takes years of practice for the result to be perfect.[5]
Like Hollandaise sauce, there are several methods for the preparation of Béarnaise sauce. Please refer to the Preparation section of that article for basics. Here we highlight the differences.
The most common preparation is a Bain-marie method where a reduction of vinegar is used to acidify the yolks. Escoffier[1] calls for a reduction of wine, vinegar, shallots, fresh chervil, fresh tarragon and crushed peppercorns (later strained out), with fresh tarragon and chervil to finish instead of lemon juice. Others are similar.[6] Alternatively, the flavourings may be added to a finished Hollandaise (sans lemon juice).
Derivatives of Béarnaise sauce
[change | change source]- Sauce Choron is a variation of béarnaise without tarragon or chervil, plus added tomato purée.[7][8] It is named after Alexandre Étienne Choron.
- Sauce Foyot (a.k.a. Valois) is béarnaise with meat glaze (Glace de Viande) added.[8][9]
- Sauce Colbert is Sauce Foyot with the addition of reduced white wine.[10]
- Sauce Paloise is a version of béarnaise with mint substituted for tarragon.[11]
Mis-association
[change | change source]Béarnaise sauce is often wrongly called Bernaise sauce, as if it were from Bern, the capital city of Switzerland, which is in no way connected with this sauce or its origins.
Some assume Béarnaise refers to the Béarn region, a former province now in the département of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, in southwestern Franceto refer to the region of Béarn[4] However, the sauce has no tradition in the cooking of the area, and Larousse[12] has the name honouring Henri IV of France, a native of Béarn, and for whom the restaurant where the sauce was first shown was named. Henri IV was often known as le Grand Béarnais
A la béarnaise
[change | change source]Some recipes are called à la béarnaise even when they are not accompanied by a Béarnaise sauce. This is because the recipes themselves are linked to the Béarn region. This added to confusion over the naming of the sauce.
Notes
[change | change source]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Escoffier: 89
- ↑ Julia Childs
- ↑ Elizabeth David merely says the name of the chef is not known Elizabeth David; illustrated by Juliet Renny: French provincial cooking Penguin in assoc. with Michael Joseph, 1970, ISBN 0140273263
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "What is Bearnaise Sauce?". 18 March 2021.
- ↑ Restaurateur Fernand Point (1897–1955) in Ma Gastronomie.
- ↑ Cookwise, pp.304-5
- ↑ Escoffier: 90
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Joy of Cooking p.359
- ↑ Escoffier: 91
- ↑ Escoffier: 41
- ↑ Escoffier: 141
- ↑ Montagné, Prosper; Coutine, Robert J (2003). The concise Larousse gastronomique : the world's greatest cookery encyclopedia.. London : Hamlyn. ISBN 0600608638.
References
[change | change source]- Child, Julia; Bertholle, Louisette; Beck, Simone (1961). Mastering the Art of French Cooking. New York: Knopf.
- Corriher, Shirley (1997). "Ch. 4: sauce sense". Cookwise, the Hows and Whys of Successful Cooking (1st ed.). New York: William Morrow & Company, Inc. ISBN 0688102298.
- David, Elizabeth (1960). French Provincial Cooking. Penguin Classics. ISBN 978-0141181530.
- Escoffier, Auguste (1982) [Trans. fm 4th French (Flammarion) ed. 1921]. "Ch. 1: Sauces". La Guide Culinaire [The Complete Guide to the Art of Modern Cookery] (in French). English translation by H.L. Cracknell and R.J. Kaufmann (First American ed.). New York: Mayflower Books. ISBN 0831754788.
- Rombauer, Irma S.; Rombauer Becker, Marion (1975). Joy of Cooking. New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc. (MacMillan). ISBN 0026045702.
Other websites
[change | change source]
- Béarnaise sauce from the British Good Food TV channel
- Blender Béarnaise sauce recipe
- Grilled New York Steak with Béarnaise Sauce Archived 2011-07-07 at the Wayback Machine