Black July
| Black July | |
|---|---|
| Part of riots in Sri Lanka and the Sri Lankan Civil War | |
 Location of Sri Lanka | |
| Location | Sri Lanka |
| Date | 24 July 1983 – 30 July 1983 (UTC+6) |
Attack type | Pogrom, ethnic cleansing, Mass murder |
| Deaths | 5,638 and 466 disappeared permanently (acc. to TCHR) [1] |
Injured | 2,015 and 670 raped (acc. to TCHR) [1] |
| Victims | Tamil civilians |
| Perpetrators | Sinhalese mobs, Sri Lankan government, UNP; Sri Lanka Armed Forces and Sri Lanka Police |
No. of participants | Thousands |
| Motive | Anti-Tamil racism, pro-Sinhalese sentiment |
Black July (Tamil: கறுப்பு யூலை, romanized: Kaṟuppu Yūlai; Sinhala: කළු ජූලිය, romanized: Kalu Juliya) was a violent disturbance of peace, or pogrom against Tamil people. This took place in Sri Lanka in July 1983. The pogrom was planned. The plan happened when 13 soldiers from the Sri Lankan Army died by an Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam attack on them.[2] It was planned by the UNP party but turned in large violence with many people joining the pogrom.[3][4][5][6]
Related pages
[change | change source]Notes
[change | change source]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Recorded figures of Arrests, Killings, Disappearances".
- ↑ Nidheesh, MK (2 September 2016). "Book review: The Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi by Neena Gopal". Live Mint. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
- ↑ E.M. Thornton & Niththyananthan, R. – Sri Lanka, Island of Terror – An Indictment, (ISBN 0 9510073 0 0), 1984, Appendix A
- ↑ "Visual Evidence I: Vitality, Value and Pitfall – Borella Junction, 24/25 July 1983". 29 October 2011.
- ↑ "Black July 1983 remembered". Tamil Guardian. 23 July 2014.
- ↑ Jeyaraj, D. B. S. (24 July 2010). "Horror of a pogrom: Remembering "Black July" 1983". dbsjeyaraj.com. Archived from the original on 27 October 2010. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
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References
[change | change source]- Aspinall, Edward; Jeffrey, Robin; Regan, Anthony, eds. (2013). Diminishing Conflict in Asia and the Pacific. Routledge. ISBN 978-1136251139.
- Dissanayake, T. D. S. A. (2004). War or Peace in Sri Lanka. Popular Prakshan. ISBN 81-7991-199-3.
- Hoole, Rajan; Somasundaram, Daya; Sritharan, Kopalasingham; Thiranagama, Rajini (1990). Broken Palmyra. University Teachers for Human Rights.
- O'Ballance, Edgar (1989). The Cyanide War: Tamil Insurrection in Sri Lanka, 1973–88. London: Brassey's (UK). ISBN 978-0-08-036695-1.
- Wilson, A. Jeyaratnam (1989). The Break up of Sri Lanka: The Sinhalese-Tamil Conflict. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-1211-5.
- Wilson, A. Jeyaratnam (2001). Sri Lankan Tamil Nationalism: Its Origins and Development in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Penguin Books India. ISBN 0-14-302789-1.
Other websites
[change | change source]- Black July: Uncover the truth (1983 anti-Tamil pogrom)
- Black July '83 – Extensive survivor stories and documented history about Black July
- Remember, Groundviews Articles from Government Ministers and civil society on the 25th commemoration of Black July and the 50th commemoration of the anti-Tamil riots of 1958
- July still black after twenty years, The official website of the Sri Lankan government
- Horror of a pogrom: Remembering "Black July" 1983 by D. B. S. Jeyaraj Archived 27 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine