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Centrosaurinae

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Centrosaurines
Temporal range: Late Cretaceous,
82–69 Ma[1][2]
Centrosaurus "nasicornus" skeleton, Palaeontological Museum Munich
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Order: Ornithischia
Family: Ceratopsidae
Subfamily: Centrosaurinae
Type species
Centrosaurus apertus
Lambe, 1904
Subgroups
Synonyms
  • Pachyrhinosaurinae Sternberg, 1950
  • Monocloniinae Nopcsa, 1923

Centrosaurinae (from Greek, meaning "pointed lizards") is a subfamily of ceratopsids, a group of large four-legged ornithischian dinosaurs. Centrosaurine fossils are mostly known from the northern region of Laramidia (modern day Alberta, Montana, and Alaska) but isolated taxa have also been found in China and Utah.[3]

Centrosaurines often have a large nose horn, short horns above the eyes, and a complex frill sticking out of the back of the skull.[4] Except for Centrosaurus apertus, all adult centrosaurines have spike-like bumps in the middle of the skull.[5] By measuring parts of their skulls, scientists have found that centrosaurines differ from other ceratopsian groups in skull, snout, and frill shapes.[6] Male centrosaurines might have taken a long time to mature, and sexual ornamentation did not appear until they were adults.[4]

Centrosaurinae was named by paleontologist Lawrence Lambe in 1915 after Centrosaurus, which became its type genus. The centrosaurines are further divided into three tribes: the Nasutoceratopsini, the Centrosaurini, and the Pachyrhinosaurini by Ryan et al (2016).[7][needs update] Nasutoceratopsins are defined as centrosaurines closer to Nasutoceratops titusi than to Centrosaurus apertus and centrosaurins are defined as centrosaurines closer to Centrosaurus apertus than to Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis. Until 2016, the only division used was Pachyrhinosaurini, which is defined as centrosaurines closer to Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis than to Centrosaurus apertus. Together, centrosaurins and pachyrhinosaurins are called eucentrosaurans.

References

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  1. Dalman, Sebastian G.; Lucas, Spencer G.; Jasinki, Steven G.; Lichtig, Asher J.; Dodson, Peter (2021). "The oldest centrosaurine: a new ceratopsid dinosaur (Dinosauria: Ceratopsidae) from the Allison Member of the Menefee Formation (Upper Cretaceous, early Campanian), northwestern New Mexico, USA". PalZ. 95 (2): 291–335. doi:10.1007/s12542-021-00555-w. ISSN 0031-0220. S2CID 234351502.
  2. Fiorillo, Anthony R. and Tykoski, Ronald S. (2012). "A new Maastrichtian species of the centrosaurine ceratopsid Pachyrhinosaurus from the North Slope (Prince Creek Formation: Maastrichtian) of Alaska". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 57 (3): 561–573. doi:10.4202/app.2011.0033.
  3. Sampson, Scott D.; Lund, Eric K.; Loewen, Mark A.; Farke, Andrew A.; Clayton, Katherine E. (2013-09-07). "A remarkable short-snouted horned dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) of southern Laramidia". Proc. R. Soc. B. 280 (1766): 20131186. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.1186. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 3730592. PMID 23864598.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Sampson, Scott D.; Ryan, Michael J.; Tanke, Darren H. (1997-11-01). "Craniofacial ontogeny in centrosaurine dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae): taxonomic and behavioral implications". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 121 (3): 293–337. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1997.tb00340.x. ISSN 0024-4082.
  5. Ryan, Michael J. (2007-03-01). "A new basal centrosaurine ceratopsid from the oldman formation, southeastern alberta". Journal of Paleontology. 81 (2): 376–396. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2007)81[376:ANBCCF]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0022-3360. S2CID 130607301.
  6. Maiorino, Leonardo; Farke, Andrew A; Kotsakis, Tassos; Piras, Paolo (2017). "Macroevolutionary patterns in cranial and lower jaw shape of ceratopsian dinosaurs (Dinosauria, Ornithischia): phylogeny, morphological integration, and evolutionary rates" (PDF). Evolutionary Ecology Research. 18: 123–167.
  7. Ryan, Michael J.; Holmes, Robert; Mallon, Jordan; Loewen, Mark; Evans, David C. (2016-10-27). "A basal ceratopsid (Centrosaurinae: Nasutoceratopsini) from the Oldman Formation (Campanian) of Alberta, Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 54 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1139/cjes-2016-0110. ISSN 0008-4077.