Circumnavigation

The Nao Victoria, a reconstruction of one of the ships use by Ferdinand Magellan to circumnavigate the world.

This image shows how Magellan went around the world

A possible route of modern-day circumnavigations. The red line shows the route. Trade winds can be used. The route uses the Panama Canal and the Suez Canal

Circumnavigation originally meant going around something, by ship. Usually, it means people going around the world. The first known circumnavigation was done by Fernão de Magalhães (Ferdinand Magellan), from 1519 to 1522. Magellan took five ships and went west, from Spain. He discovered a waterway which is now named after him, the Strait of Magellan. Magellan died in a fight with natives on the Philippine island Mactan in April 1521. The voyage was completed under command of Juan Sebastián Elcano. Elcano returned to Sanlúcar de Barrameda, where the voyage had started, with 18 survivors and valuable cargo in 1522. This proved that the earth was a globe.

Other Famous circumnavigations

• 1577-1580 led by the Englishman Francis Drake
• 1586-1588 by Thomas Cavendish
• 1598-1601 by the Dutchman Olivier van Noort
• 1614-1617 by Georg Spielberg, a German who sailed for the Dutch
• 1766-1769 by Louis Antoine de Bougainville (The first French circumnavigation)
• 1803-1806 by Adam Johann von Krusenstern, first Russian circumnavigation