Ghettos in Europe during the Holocaust
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Ghettos in Europe during the Holocaust are a list of ghettos established by Nazi Germany, Romania, and some other local collaborators, which were used to segregate, persecute, put to forced labour, starve, mistreat, deport, shoot, and kill people (such as Jews and Roma) during the Holocaust. Nazi Germany, Romania, and some other local collaborators, established about 1,367 to 1,391 ghettos ranging in seperate locations from Amsterdam in German-occupied Netherlands (both in the north and west), to Yessentuki (and/or even Nalchik) in partially German-occupied Russian SFSR (in the east), to Thessaloniki (also known as Salonika) in partially German-occupied Greece (in the south). During the Holocaust, the first ghettos were established in Nazi Germany, in the 1930's, in the German town of Beuthen and surrounding areas, before the start of World War II and the German, Slovak, and Soviet invasion and annexation/occupation of the Second Polish Republic and the Free City of Danzig. The last ghetto to exist was in the town of Terezín, in German-occupied Czechia, being liberated on 8 May 1945, during the ghetto's liquidation process.
Partial list of some popular (more-known) ghettos[change | change source]
- Lutsk Ghetto; completely liquidated from December 1942 to January 1943
- Tarnopol Ghetto; completely liquidated from August 1942 to June 1943
- Lviv Ghetto; completely liquidated in 1943
- Riga Ghetto; completely liquidated in 1943
- Dvinsk Ghetto; completely liquidated in 1943
- Liepāja Ghetto
- Kovno Ghetto; completely liquidated in 1943
- Wilno Ghetto; completely liquidated in 1943
- Minsk Ghetto; completely liquidated in 1943
- Stanislawów Ghetto; completely liquidated in late February 1943; a lot of inmates shot and killed and/or even deported to the Bełzec extermination camp
- Kolomiyya Ghetto
- Yalta Ghetto; completely liquidated in December 1941
- Balta Ghetto; completely liquidated in March 1944
- The two ghettos (A and B) in Kraków; completely liquidated on 13 and 14 March 1943
- Warsaw Ghetto; completely liquidated from 1943 to 31 March 1944
- Brasław Ghetto; completely liquidated from 1942 to March 1943
- Opsa Ghetto; completely liquidated in 1942
- Kaluga Ghetto; liberated on 30 December 1941, during the liquidation of the ghetto process (Believed to be the first or even one of the extremely/very first ghettos to be liberated this early during the Holocaust.).
- Łodz Ghetto; completely liquidated in 1944
- Radom Ghetto; completely liquidated in 1944
- Radomsko Ghetto; completely liquidated between 19 September 1942 and 21 June 1943; most inmates shot and killed and/or even deported to the Treblinka extermination camp
- Budapest Ghetto; completely liquidated in 1945
- Oradea Ghetto; completely liquidated in June 1944
- Theresienstadt Ghetto; liberated in 1945, during the liquidation of the ghetto process
- The two ghettos (A and B) in Gdánsk; accidentally bombed by the Soviet Red Army in January 1945
- The ghetto (or even concentration camp) in Nalchik; liberated on 3 or 4 January 1943
- Salonika Ghetto; completely liquidated in August 1943
- Smolensk Ghetto
- The four ghettos (A, B, C, and D) in Gomel
- Mogliev Ghetto
- Vyritsa Ghetto; presumably completely liquidated in 1941 (or even in 1942.)
- Puschkin Ghetto; known especially for its memorial named Formula of Sorrow, which was unveiled after the war had already ended.
- Shlisselburg Ghetto; completely liquidated from 17 September 1941 to March 1942
- Djurin Ghetto; ghetto in Romania; served as transit point for Romanian Jews awaiting deportation to seperate ghettos or even concentration camps.