Ghurid dynasty
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Ghurid dynasty | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 786–1215 | |||||||||||||||||||||
![Map of Ghurid territory, before the assassination of Muhammad of Ghor.[1][2][3]](/wiki/File:Ghurid_Empire_according_to_Schwartzberg_Atlas,_p.147.png) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital | Firozkoh[4] Herat[5] Ghazni (1170s–1215)[6] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Common languages | Persian (court, literature)[7][8] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Religion | Before 1011: Paganism[9] From 1011: Sunni Islam[10] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Government | Hereditary monarchy Diarchy (1173–1206) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Malik/Sultan | |||||||||||||||||||||
• 8th-century | Amir Banji (first) | ||||||||||||||||||||
• 1214–1215 | Zia al-Din Ali (last) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||||||||
• Established | 786 | ||||||||||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1215 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 1200 est.[11] | 2,000,000 km2 (770,000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
The Ghūrids, or Ghorids (Persian ; سلطنت غوريان self-designation: شنسبانی, Shansabānī), were a Sunni Muslim dynasty of tajik origin from the Ghurid region of present-day central Afghanistan, but the exact ethnic origin is uncertain although they are commonly said to have been Eastern Iranic Tajik.[12] The dynasty converted to Sunni Islam from Buddhism[13][10] after the conquest of Ghor by the Ghaznavid sultan Mahmud of Ghazni in 1011. The dynasty overthrew the Ghaznavid Empire in 1186 when Sultan Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad of Ghor conquered the last Ghaznavid capital of Lahore.[14]
References
[change | change source]- ↑ Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical Atlas of South Asia. Oxford University Press, Digital South Asia Library. p. 147, Map "g".
- ↑ Eaton 2019, p. 38.
- ↑ Bosworth, C.E. (1 January 1998). History of Civilizations of Central Asia. UNESCO. pp. 432–433. ISBN 978-92-3-103467-1.
- ↑ Auer 2021, p. 6.
- ↑ Firuzkuh: the summer capital of the Ghurids Archived 6 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine, by David Thomas, p. 18.
- ↑ The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture: Three-volume set, by Jonathan Bloom, Sheila Blair, p. 108.
- ↑ The Development of Persian Culture under the Early Ghaznavids, C.E. Bosworth, Iran, Vol. 6, (1968), 35;;"Like the Ghaznavids whom they supplanted, the Ghurids had their court poets, and these wrote in Persian"
- ↑ O'Neal 2015.
- ↑ Minorsky, Vladmir (1970). Ḥudūd al-'Ālam, "The Regions of the World,". Leningrad: University Press, Oxford. p. 110. ISBN 9780906094037.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 The Ghurids, K.A. Nizami, History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol.4, Part 1, ed. M.S. Asimov and C.E. Bosworth, (Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1999), 178.
- ↑ Bang, Peter Fibiger; Bayly, C. A.; Scheidel, Walter (2020). The Oxford World History of Empire: Volume One: The Imperial Experience. Oxford University Press. pp. 92–94. ISBN 978-0-19-977311-4.
- ↑ Bosworth 2001b, pp. 586–590.
- ↑ Satish Chandra, Medieval India:From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526), Part 1, (Har-Anand Publications, 2006), 22.
- ↑ Kingdoms of South Asia – Afghanistan in Far East Kingdoms: Persia and the East
