Islamophobia
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Islamophobia is the irrational fear of, hostility towards, or hatred against the religion of Islam or Muslim people in general.[1][2] Muslim women are more likely to experience Islamophobia in their lifetime compared to Muslim men, especially if they are wearing some kind of veil.[3]
Examples
[change | change source]Eastern Europe
[change | change source]During the Bosnian War in the 1990s, Serbian Orthodox Christians committed a genocide against Bosniak Muslims, with a strong motive of Islamophobia.[4][5]
Western Europe
[change | change source]In France, it has been illegal since 2013 for Muslim women to wear veils, particularly burqas and niqabs, covering their faces in public.[6][7]
Criticism
[change | change source]After the Charlie Hebdo shooting in January 2015, French Prime Minister Manuel Valls refused to use Islamophobia due to his perception that many were using it to silence criticism of Islamism.[8]
In a December 2019 article in The Jewish Chronicle, British Jewish journalist Melanie Phillips criticized the concept by claiming that it was invented by the Islamist group Muslim Brotherhood to misrepresent the prejudice as equivalent to antisemitism and silence criticism of Islamic teachings.[9]
In a November 2023 article, researcher Jonathan S. Tobin echoed the view of Melanie Phillips, expressing concern over the potential of the word minimizing the Jewish historical suffering.[10]
Related pages
[change | change source]References
[change | change source]- ↑ "Dictionary — Islamophobia".
- ↑ "Oxford Dictionary — Islamophobia". Archived from the original on 2019-05-19. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
- ↑ Siddique, Haroon (20 November 2013). "Muslim Women more likely to suffer Islamophobic attacks than men - study" – via www.theguardian.com.
- ↑
- Donia, Robert J. (2000). "The New Bosniak History". Nationalities Papers. 28 (2). Cambridge University Press. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 November 2018
- Hamourtziadou, Lily (2002). "The Bosniaks: From nation to threat". Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans. 4 (2): 141–156. doi:10.1080/1461319022000021594. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
Published online: 04 Aug 2010
- Maglajlić, Munib (2003). "Bosniaks and Bosnia". DIWAN. Gradačac: J.U. Javna biblioteka »Alija Isaković«. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
- "Srebrenica Genocide: No Room For Denial". International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). Retrieved December 11, 2024.
- Vukoičić, Jelena (2016). "Imprisoned by the past: History and identity of ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina". Politeia - Naučni časopis Fakulteta političkih nauka u Banjoj Luci za društvena pitanja (12). Fakultet političkih nauka Univerziteta u Banjoj Luci: 72–87. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
- Muhić, Ferid (March 26, 2021). "Bosniaks and Bosnia: A Study in Philosophy of Politics". Illuminatio. 1 (2). doi:10.52510/sia.v1i2.12. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
- Donia, Robert J. (2000). "The New Bosniak History". Nationalities Papers. 28 (2). Cambridge University Press. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
- ↑
- "Bosnia: 1995". Holocaust Memorial Day Trust. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
- "Srebrenica genocide | Facts, History, Map, & Photos". Britannica. October 25, 2024. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
- "Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1992–1995". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM). United States Holocaust Museum. Retrieved November 2, 2021.
- "War and Genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina". USC Shoah Foundation. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
- "Remembering Srebrenica - Remembering the Bosnian Genocide". Remembering Srebrenica. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
- ↑
- Ismail, Benjamin (2010). "Ban the Burqa? France Votes Yes". Middle East Quarterly. 17 (4). Retrieved December 26, 2024.
- Marshall, Jill (April 15, 2015). "S.A.S. v France: Burqa Bans and the Control or Empowerment of Identities". Human Rights Law Review. 15 (2): 377–389. doi:10.1093/hrlr/ngv003. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
- Millet, François-Xavier (October 2, 2015). "When the European Court of Human Rights encounters the face: A case-note on the burqa ban in France European Court of Human Rights, Judgment of 1 July 2014, Case No. 43835/11, S.A.S. v France". European Constitutional Law Review. 11 (2). Cambridge University Press: 408–424. doi:10.1017/S1574019615000231. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
- Cohen-Almagor, Raphael (2021). "Indivisibilité, Sécurité, Laïcité: the French ban on the burqa and the niqab". French Politics. 20 (1): 3–24. doi:10.1057/s41253-021-00164-8. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
- de Vries, Bouke (2023). "The Sociability Argument for the Burqa Ban: A Qualified Defence". Criminal Law and Philosophy. Vol. 17. pp. 317–337. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
Original Paper | Open access | Published: 09 November 2021.
- ↑
- Appleton, Josie (May 19, 2010). "Defend the Republic! Ban the burqa!". Spiked. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
- "Should France Ban the Burqa?". National Review. July 23, 2010. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
- Lentze, Georg (April 2, 2013). "Islamic headscarf debate rekindled in France". BBC News.
- Berman, Paul (August 30, 2016). "Why the French Ban the Veil". Tablet Magazine. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
The secular republic debates how best to contain and suppress the Islamist movement
- Serhan, Yasmeen (July 13, 2017). "Does the Burqa Have a Future in Europe?". The Atlantic. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
- ↑ Goldberg, Jeffrey (16 January 2015). "French Prime Minister: I Refuse to Use This Term Islamophobia". The Atlantic. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
- ↑ "Don't fall for bogus claims of 'Islamophobia'". The Jewish Chronicle. December 16, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
- ↑ "Don't fall for the Islamophobia scam!". Jewish News Syndicate. November 2, 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2024.