Kamakura period
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The Kamakura period (鎌倉時代, Kamakura jidai) is a time in the Japanese history from 1185 through 1333 in the history of Japan.[1] This grouping of years is named after city of Kamakura which was the center of power of the Kamakura shogunate.[2]
The government of shoguns which was functionally established in 1192 by Minamoto no Yoritomo.[3]
The Kamakura period ended in 1333 with the destruction of the shogunate. Imperial rule was re-established under Emperor Go-Daigo.[4]
Mongol Invasions of Japan (1274, 1281) also happened in this period.
Flourishing of Buddhism
[change | change source]Buddhism expanded during this period. A number of monks founded separate Buddhist sects, including
- • Hōnen, founder of the Jōdo shū sect[5]
- • Shinran, disciple of Hōnen; founder of Jōdo Shinshū[6]
- • Ippen, founder of the Ji sect[7]
- • Dōgen, founder of the Sōtō school of Zen[8]
- • Eisai, founder of the Rinzai school of Zen[9]
- • Nichiren, founder of the sect of Buddhism named after him[10]
The older Buddhist sects such as Shingon and Tendai continued to thrive.
Timeline
[change | change source]- 1185 (Genryaku 2, 24th day of the 3rd month): Taira clan (Heike) defeated at sea by Minamoto Yoshitsune[11]
- 1191 (Kenkyū 2): Esai establishes Zen in Japan[12]
- 1192 (Kenkyū 3): Minamoto Yoritomo appointed as shogun[13]
- 1207 (Ken'ei 1): Hōnen and his followers are exiled[14]
- 1221 (Jōkyū 3): In the Jōkyū War (承久の乱, jōkyū no ran), Emperor Go-Toba tried to take power from the Kamakura shogunate. The effort did not succeed.[15]
- 1252 (Kenchō 2): Great Buddha of Kamakura was put in place at Kōtoku-in.[16]
- November 19, 1274 (Bun'ei 11, 20th day of the 10th month): Kublai Khan sent a fleet and an army to invade Japan; Battle of Bun'ei (文永の役, Bun'ei no eki) or the "Bun'ei War".[17]
- 1281 (Kōan 4): Battle of Kōan (弘安の役, Kōan no eki) or the "Kōan War".[18]
- 1293 (Einin 1): Disastrous earthquake and tsunami hit Sagami Bay and Kamakura, killing 23,034 people.[19]
- 1333 (Genkō 3): Nitta Yoshisada destroys the Kamakura shogunate in the Siege of Kamakura (鎌倉の戦い).[20]
Gallery
[change | change source]-
Dai Butsu of Kamakura. Hand-coloured image by Adolfo Farsari, between 1885 and 1890—see 1252 above -
Painting scrolls on the Mongol invasions by Fukuda Taika, 1846 —see 1274 and 1281 above
Related pages
[change | change source]References
[change | change source]- ↑ Library of Congress Country Studies, Japan,"Kamakura and Muromachi periods". Retrieved 2011-10-20.
- ↑ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 459. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
- ↑ Hall, John Whitney. (1991). Japan: From Prehistory to Modern Times, pp. 86-87.
- ↑ Hall, p. 359.
- ↑ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 348. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
- ↑ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. pp. 867–868. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
- ↑ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 392. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
- ↑ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
- ↑ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
- ↑ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 706. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
- ↑ Kitagawa, Hiroshi and Bruce Tsuchida. (1975). The Tale of the Heike, pp. 676-690.
- ↑ What is Zen? History. Retrieved 2012-4-29.
- ↑ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 635. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
- ↑ Jodo Shu, "About Honen Shonin" Archived 2013-10-31 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2012-4-29.
- ↑ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 431. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
- ↑ Tsubata, Kate. "The Great Buddha at Kamakura," The Washington Times, May 25, 2008. Retrieved 2012-4-30.
- ↑ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
- ↑ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 535. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
- ↑ NOAA Earthquake Database Query
- ↑ McCullough, Helen Craig. (1959). The Taiheiki: A Chronicle of Medieval Japan, pp. 285-311.
Other websites
[change | change source]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kamakura period.
- Metropolitan Museum of Art, Kamakura and Nanbokucho Periods (1185–1392)
- British Museum, Kamakura period (AD 1185-1333) Archived 2011-08-02 at the Wayback Machine
- Japan-guide.com, Kamakura Period (1192 - 1333)
