Khedivate of Egypt

Khedivate of Egypt
الْخُدَيْوِيَّةُ الْمِصْرِيَّةُ (Arabic)
*Khidywyt-al Misr*
خدیویت مصر (Ottoman Turkish)
*Hıdiviyet-i Mısır*
Khedivate of Egypt الْخُدَيْوِيَّةُ الْمِصْرِيَّةُ (Arabic); Khidywyt-al Misr; خدیویت مصر (Ottoman Turkish); Hıdiviyet-i Mısır
1867–1914
	Flag (1867–1881) Coat of arms
	Anthem: (1871–1914); Salam Affandina;
	Egypt and its expansion in the 19th century.
Status	de jure under Ottoman suzerainty, fully autonomous (1867–1914) ; (under British military occupation from 1882)
Capital	Cairo
Common languages	Arabic, Ottoman Turkish, Greek, French, English
Religion	Sunni Islam, Coptic Christianity
Government	Constitutional monarchy
Khedive
• 1867–1879	Isma'il Pasha
• 1879–1892	Tewfik Pasha
• 1892–1914	Abbas II
British Consul-General
• 1883–1907	Evelyn Baring
• 1907–1911	Eldon Gorst
• 1911–1914	Herbert Kitchener
Prime Minister
• 1878–1879 (first)	Nubar Pasha
• 1914 (last)	Hussein Roshdy Pasha
Historical era	Scramble for Africa
• Established	8 June 1867
• Suez Canal opened	17 November 1869
• Urabi revolt	1881–1882
• British invasion in the Anglo-Egyptian War	July – September 1882
• Sudan Convention	18 January 1899
• Disestablished	19 December 1914
Area
• Total	5,000,000 km2 (1,900,000 sq mi)
Population
• 1882	6,805,000
• 1897	9,715,000
• 1907	11,287,000
Currency	Egyptian pound
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Egypt Eyalet
	Sultanate of Darfur
	Ottoman Empire
Sultanate of Egypt
Mahdist Sudan
	^ a. English became the sole official language in 1898. ^ b. Area and density include inhabited areas only. The total area of Egypt, including deserts, is 994,000 km2, however, the size of the Khedivate of Egypt consisted so many other territories, and was approximately 5,000,000 km2.

The Khedivate of Egypt (Arabic: الْخُدَيْوِيَّةُ الْمِصْرِيَّةُ, Ottoman Turkish: خدیویت مصر) was an tributary state of the Ottoman Empire, created and ruled by the Muhammad Ali family.

The United Kingdom invaded Egypt and took control of it in 1882, basically making it a British puppet, but the Ottoman connection was kept. In 1914, the Ottoman Empire's link to Egypt was ended and Britain established a protectorate called the Sultanate of Egypt.

References

↑ Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu (2012). "Turks in the Egyptian Administration and the Turkish Language as a Language of Administration". In Humphrey Davies (ed.). The Turks in Egypt and their Cultural Legacy. Oxford Academic. pp. 81–98. doi:10.5743/cairo/9789774163975.003.0005. ISBN 9789774163975.
↑ Holes, Clive (2004). Modern Arabic: Structures, Functions, and Varieties. Georgetown Classics in Arabic Language and Linguistics (2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-1-58901-022-2. OCLC 54677538. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
↑ Bonné, Alfred (2003) [First published 1945]. The Economic Development of the Middle East: An Outline of Planned Reconstruction after the War. The International Library of Sociology. London: Routledge. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-415-17525-8. OCLC 39915162. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
↑ Tanada, Hirofumi (March 1998). "Demographic Change in Rural Egypt, 1882–1917: Population of Mudiriya, Markaz and Madina". Discussion Paper. No. D97–22. Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University. hdl:10086/14678.

[1] Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu (2012). "Turks in the Egyptian Administration and the Turkish Language as a Language of Administration". In Humphrey Davies (ed.). The Turks in Egypt and their Cultural Legacy. Oxford Academic. pp. 81–98. doi:10.5743/cairo/9789774163975.003.0005. ISBN 9789774163975.

[2] Holes, Clive (2004). Modern Arabic: Structures, Functions, and Varieties. Georgetown Classics in Arabic Language and Linguistics (2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-1-58901-022-2. OCLC 54677538. Retrieved 14 July 2010.

[3] Bonné, Alfred (2003) [First published 1945]. The Economic Development of the Middle East: An Outline of Planned Reconstruction after the War. The International Library of Sociology. London: Routledge. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-415-17525-8. OCLC 39915162. Retrieved 9 July 2010.

[4] Tanada, Hirofumi (March 1998). "Demographic Change in Rural Egypt, 1882–1917: Population of Mudiriya, Markaz and Madina". Discussion Paper. No. D97–22. Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University. hdl:10086/14678.

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