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List of most luminous stars

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This list of most luminous stars is of Milky Way and Magellanic Cloud objects. A few stars in other local group galaxies can be seen in enough detail to work out their the luminosities. The list is more or less complete for stars down to 2,000,000 times the luminosity of the Sun.

Despite their extreme luminosity, many of these stars are too distant to be observed with the naked eye. Stars that are at least sometimes visible to the unaided eye have their apparent magnitude (6.5 or brighter) highlighted in blue.



Star name Bolometric
luminosity
(in solar units) 		Absolute
bolometric
magnitude 		Approx. distance
from Earth
(in light years) 		Apparent
visible magnitude 		Effective
temperature (K) 		Spectral type Link Reference
BAT99-98 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 5,012,000 -12.01 165,000 13.38 45,000 [1][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | G0.238-0.071 (in Galactic Center) 5,012,000 -12.01 26,000 14.37 (J band) 39,500-44,000 WN11h Template:SIMBAD link [3][4]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |[BMS2003] 867 A (in NGC 604 of Triangulum Galaxy) 4,932,000 -12 2,700,000 16.29 (combined) 42,400 O4Iab SIMBAD [5]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | R136a1 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 4,677,000 -11.94 163,000 12.28 46,000 WN5h Template:SIMBAD link [6][7]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |M33-013406.63 A (in Triangulum Galaxy) 4,677,000 -11.935 3,000,000 16.084 (combined) 30,000 O9.5Ia Template:SIMBAD link [8][9][a]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |[BMS2003] 867 B (in NGC 604 of Triangulum Galaxy) 4,395,000 -11.87 2,700,000 16.29 (combined) 42,400 O4Ia SIMBAD [5]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Westerhout 49-2 (in Westerhout 49) 4,365,000 -11.86 36,200 18.246 (J band) 35,500 O2-3.5If* Template:SIMBAD link [10][11]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 37836 (in LMC) 4,169,000 -11.81 163,000 10.55 28,200 B0Iae SIMBAD [12]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Sk -69° 249 A (in NGC 2074 of LMC) 4,130,000 -11.8 160,000 10.68 38,900 O7If Template:SIMBAD link [13][14]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | η Carinae A (in Trumpler 16 of Carina Nebula) 4,000,000 -11.77 7,500 4.3 (combined) 9,400-35,200 LBV Template:SIMBAD link [15][16][17][b]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |V4998 Sagittarii (near Quintuplet Cluster) 3,981,000 -11.76 25,000 12.534 (J band) 12,000 WN5b Template:SIMBAD link [18][11]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |R136c (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 3,802,000 -11.71 163,000 13.43 51,000 WN5h Template:SIMBAD link [19][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Arches-F7 (WR 102aj in Arches Cluster) 3,802,000 -11.71 25,000 15.74 (J band) 32,900 WN8-9h Template:SIMBAD link [20][21]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |R136a3 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 3,631,000 -11.66 163,000 12.97 50,000 WN5h Template:SIMBAD link [6][7]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Melnick 42 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 3,631,000 -11.66 163,000 12.78 47,300 O2If* Template:SIMBAD link [22][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Mercer 23-2 (WR 125–3 in Mercer 23 near Galactic plane) 3,631,000 -11.66 21,200 8.646 (J band) 38,000 WNL7-8 Template:SIMBAD link [23][11][c]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | R136a2 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 3,548,000 -11.64 163,000 12.34 50,000 WN5h Template:SIMBAD link [6][7]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | NGC 2403 V14 (in NGC 2403) 3,436,000 -11.6 10,314,000 18.83 7,000 F5Ie Template:SIMBAD link [24]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |G0.070+0.025 (in Galactic Center) 3,311,000 -11.56 26,000 14.799 (J band) 45,000 O4-6If+ Template:SIMBAD link [3]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Pistol Star (V4647 Sagittarii in Quintuplet cluster) 3,300,000 -11.556 25,000 11.79 (J band) 11,800 LBV Template:SIMBAD link [25][26]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Mercer 30-1 A (WR 46-3 A in Mercer 30 of Dragonfish Nebula) 3,236,000 -11.535 40,000 10.33 (J band) 32,200 O6-7.5If+ Template:SIMBAD link [27][d]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | VFTS 682 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 3,236,000 -11.535 164,000 16.08 52,200 WN5h Template:SIMBAD link [22][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 42e (in HD 97950 of NGC 3603) 3,200,000 -11.523 25,000 14.53 43,000 O3If*/WN6 Template:SIMBAD link [28][e]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |R99 (in N44 of LMC) 3,162,000 -11.51 163,000 11.52 28,000 Ofpe/WN9 Template:SIMBAD link [1][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |VFTS 1022 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 3,020,000 -11.46 164,000 13.47 42,200 O3.5If*/WN7 Template:SIMBAD link [22][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 24 (in Collinder 228 of Carina Nebula) 2,951,000 -11.435 8,200 6.48 50,100 WN6ha-w Template:SIMBAD link [30][31]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Peony Star (WR 102ka in Peony Nebula near Galactic Center) 2,951,000 -11.435 26,000 12.978 (J band) 25,100 WN10 Template:SIMBAD link [32]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |CXOGC J174528.6-285605 (WR 101–6 in Galactic Center) 2,884,000 -11.41 26,000 14.46 (J band) 30,000 WN8-9h Template:SIMBAD link [21]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | G0.059-0.068 (in Galactic Center) 2,884,000 -11.41 26,000 13.337 (J band) 39,500-44,000 B0-1Ia+/WNLh Template:SIMBAD link [3][4]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 97950 B (WR 43b in HD 97950 of NGC 3603) 2,884,000 -11.41 24,000 11.33 42,000 WN6h Template:SIMBAD link [33][34]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 38282 A (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 2,754,000 -11.35 163,000 11.11 (combined) 50,000 WN5-6h SIMBAD [35]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | Melnick 34 A (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 2,692,000 -11.335 163,000 13.09 (combined) 63,000 WN5h Template:SIMBAD link [36][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 102hb (in Quintuplet Cluster) 2,630,000 -11.31 26,000 13.9 (J band) 25,100 WN9h Template:SIMBAD link [37][26]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |[BMS2003] 578 C (in NGC 604 of Triangulum Galaxy) 2,564,000 -11.28 2,700,000 15.97 (combined) 34,000 O9II SIMBAD [5]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |BAT99-80 A (in NGC 2044 of LMC) 2,512,000 -11.26 165,000 13 (combined) 45,000 O4If Template:SIMBAD link [1][38]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | R146 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 2,512,000 -11.26 164,000 13.11 63,000 WN4 Template:SIMBAD link [1][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |VFTS 482 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 2,512,000 -11.26 164,000 12.95 42,200 O3If*/WN6-A Template:SIMBAD link [22][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 97950 A1a (WR 43a A in HD 97950 of NGC 3603) 2,455,000 -11.235 24,000 11.18 (combined) 42,000 WN6h Template:SIMBAD link [33][34]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 102ea (in Quintuplet Cluster) 2,455,000 -11.235 26,000 13.18 (J band) 25,100 WN9h Template:SIMBAD link [37][26]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 38282 B (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 2,455,000 -11.235 163,000 11.11 (combined) 45,000 WN6-7h SIMBAD [35]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |CXOGC J174516.1-284909 (WR 101–2 in Galactic Center) 2,399,000 -11.21 26,000 11.49 (J band) 20,000 Ofpe/WN9 Template:SIMBAD link [21]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |CXOGC J174711.4-283006 (WR 102–9 in Galactic Center) 2,399,000 -11.21 26,000 16.56 (J band) 30,000 WN8-9h Template:SIMBAD link [21]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 25 A (in Trumpler 16 of Carina Nebula) 2,399,000 -11.21 6,800 8.8 (combined) 50,100 O2.5If*/WN6 Template:SIMBAD link [30][29][f]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | LGGS J004444.52+412804.0 (in Andromeda Galaxy) 2,377,000 -11.2 2,500,000 18.1 7,000-18,000 F0Ia Template:SIMBAD link [39][40]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 269327 (in LMC) 2,377,000 -11.2 163,000 10.74 28,200 OB SIMBAD [12]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Sk -69° 212 (in NGC 2044 of LMC) 2,377,000 -11.2 160,000 12.416 45,400 O6If Template:SIMBAD link [13][41]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 93 (in Pismis 24 of NGC 6357) 2,377,000 -11.2 5,700 10.68 71,000 WC7 Template:SIMBAD link [42][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Melnick 34 B (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 2,344,000 -11.185 163,000 13.09 (combined) 53,000 WN5h Template:SIMBAD link [36][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |VVV CL041-8 (WR 62–2 in VVV CL041) 2,344,000 -11.185 13,700 10.146 (J band) 34,000 WN8-9h Template:SIMBAD link [43][11][g]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Cl 1813-178 #16 (in Cl 1813-178 of W33 Complex) 2,291,000 -11.16 15,300 9.428 (J band) 30,200 O8-O9If Template:SIMBAD link [44][11][h]


style="background: Template:Star-color;" | R136a7 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 2,291,000 -11.16 163,000 13.97 54,000 O3III(f*) Template:SIMBAD link [45][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |VVV CL074-12 (in VVV CL074) 2,291,000 -11.16 20,000 12.34 (J band) 22,500 B0.5-2I Template:SIMBAD link [46][i]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Arches-F6 (WR 102ah in Arches Cluster) 2,239,000 -11.135 25,000 15.75 (J band) 33,900 WN8-9h Template:SIMBAD link [20][47]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Arches-F9 (WR 102ae in Arches Cluster) 2,239,000 -11.135 25,000 16.1 (J band) 36,600 WN9h Template:SIMBAD link [20][47]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 5980 A (in NGC 346 of SMC) 2,239,000 -11.135 200,000 11.31 (combined) 21,000-53,000 WN4 Template:SIMBAD link [48][49][j]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 97950 C1 (WR 43c A in HD 97950 of NGC 3603) 2,239,000 -11.135 24,000 11.89 (combined) 44,000 WN6h Template:SIMBAD link [33][34][f]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | R136b (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 2,239,000 -11.135 165,000 13.24 35,500 O4If Template:SIMBAD link [45][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |R145 A (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 2,239,000 -11.135 163,000 12.04 (combined) 50,000 WN6h Template:SIMBAD link [50][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | Var 83 (in Triangulum Galaxy) 2,239,000 -11.135 3,000,000 16.027 18,000-37,000 LBV Template:SIMBAD link [51][52]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |CXOGC J174712.2-283121 (WR 102–10 in Galactic Center) 2,188,000 -11.11 26,000 17.06 (J band) 35,000 WN7-8h Template:SIMBAD link [21]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |VFTS 1021 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 2,188,000 -11.11 164,000 13.35 39,800 O4 If+ Template:SIMBAD link [22][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |ST5-31 (in NGC 2074 of LMC) 2,168,000 -11.1 160,000 12.273 50,700 O2-3(n)fp Template:SIMBAD link [13][53]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 268804 (in LMC) 2,148,000 -11.09 163,000 11.21 28,200 OB SIMBAD [12]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | G0.058+0.014 (in Galactic Center) 2,138,000 -11.085 26,000 14.704 (J band) 45,000 O4-6If+ Template:SIMBAD link [3]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |R145 B (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 2,138,000 -11.085 163,000 12.04 (combined) 43,000 O3.5If*/WN7 Template:SIMBAD link [50][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 89 (in HM 1) 2,138,000 -11.085 9,500 11.02 39,800 WN8h Template:SIMBAD link [30][14]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | R136a5 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 2,089,000 -11.06 163,000 13.71 48,000 O2I(n)f* Template:SIMBAD link [45][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | AFGL 2298 (near Galactic plane) 2,000,000 -11.013 33,000 12.164 (J band) 15,500-26,000 B8I Template:SIMBAD link [54][11][k]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Arches-F1 (WR 102ad in Arches Cluster) 1,995,000 -11.01 25,000 16.3 (J band) 33,200 WN8-9 Template:SIMBAD link [20][47]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Arches-F4 (WR 102al in Arches Cluster) 1,995,000 -11.01 25,000 15.63 (J band) 36,800 WN7-8 Template:SIMBAD link [20][47]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |CXOGC J174656.3-283232 (WR 102–8 in Galactic Center) 1,995,000 -11.01 26,000 16.74 (J band) 30,000 WN8-9h Template:SIMBAD link [21]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |LBV 1806-20 (in G10.0–0.3 of Galactic Center) 1,995,000 -11.01 28,000 13.66 (J band) 18,000-32,000 O9 - B2 Template:SIMBAD link [55][11][l]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Mercer 81-2 (WR 76–7 in Mercer 81 of G338.4+0.2) 1,995,000 -11.01 35,900 13.25 (J band) 36,000 WN7-8 Template:SIMBAD link [56][m]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |VFTS 545 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,995,000 -11.01 164,000 13.32 47,300 O2If*/WN5 Template:SIMBAD link [22][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 147S (in Cygnus OB2) 1,995,000 -11.01 5,800 13.86 39,800 WN8h Template:SIMBAD link [30][57]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | 10584-9-1 (in Messier 81) 1,977,000 -11.0 11,842,000 19.1 18,000 sgB[e] Template:SIMBAD link [24]
2MASS J04542610-6911022 (in LMC) 1,959,000 -10.99 163,000 12.68 37,200 O7V SIMBAD [12]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |DBSB 179-15 (WR 84–6 in DBSB 179 of G347.6+0.2) 1,950,000 -10.985 25,800 12.5 (J band) 37,000 WN8-9h Template:SIMBAD link [58][59][n]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |G0.114+0.021 (WR 102–12 in Galactic Center) 1,950,000 -10.985 26,000 16.672 (J band) 40,000 WN8-9h Template:SIMBAD link [3]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |AB6 A (in NGC 371 of SMC) 1,905,000 -10.96 197,000 12.3 (combined) 80,000 WN3:h Template:SIMBAD link [48][60]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | R136a4 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,905,000 -10.96 163,000 13.41 50,000 O3 V((f*))(n) Template:SIMBAD link [45][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Westerhout 49-1 (in Westerhout 49) 1,905,000 -10.96 36,200 15.531 (J band) 44,700 O2-3.5If* Template:SIMBAD link [10][11]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 22 A (in Bochum 10 of Carina Nebula) 1,905,000 -10.96 8,200 6.42 (combined) 44,700 WN7h Template:SIMBAD link [30][29][o]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 269219 (in LMC) 1,888,000 -10.95 163,000 10.87 28,200 OB SIMBAD [12]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | HSH95-36 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,862,000 -10.935 163,000 14.41 49,500 O2 If∗ Template:SIMBAD link [45][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Hen 3-519 (WR 31a in Blue Bubble Nebula) 1,820,000 -10.91 24,000 10.85 30,200 WN11h Template:SIMBAD link [61][49][p]
W61 3-20 (in LMC) 1,820,000 -10.91 163,000 13.55 39,800 O5-6V((f))z SIMBAD [12]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Westerhout 51-57 (in Westerhout 51) 1,820,000 -10.91 20,000 16.958 (J band) 42,700 O4 V Template:SIMBAD link [62][11]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |LGGS J004051.59+403303.0 (in Andromeda Galaxy) 1,803,000 -10.9 2,500,000 16.989 18,000-24,000 LBV Template:SIMBAD link [39][9]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |MSX5C G358.5391+00.1305 (in Wray 17-96) 1,800,000 -10.898 15,000 15 13,000 B[e]: Template:SIMBAD link [63][14][q]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 5980 B (in NGC 346 of SMC) 1,778,000 -10.885 200,000 11.31 (combined) 45,000 WN4 Template:SIMBAD link [48][34]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 130 (in Cygnus OB3) 1,778,000 -10.885 21,700 12.13 44,700 WN8(h) Template:SIMBAD link [30][14]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 21a A (Runaway star from Westerlund 2) 1,778,000 -10.885 14,300 12.661 (combined) 45,000 O3/WN5ha Template:SIMBAD link [64][14]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |V4650 Sagittarii (in Quintuplet cluster) 1,770,000 – 7,943,000 -12.5 – -10.9 25,000 12.31 (J band) 11,300 LBV Template:SIMBAD link [18][26]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |CXOGC J174536.1-285638 (WR 101–1 in Galactic Center) 1,738,000 -10.86 26,000 15.55 (J band) 30,000 WN8-9h Template:SIMBAD link [21]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Mercer 30-7 A (WR 46-5 A in Mercer 30 of Dragonfish Nebula) 1,738,000 -10.86 40,000 11.516 (J band) 41,400 WN6 Template:SIMBAD link [27][d]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | R136a6 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,738,000 -10.86 163,000 13.35 52,000 O2I(n)f*p Template:SIMBAD link [45][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | VFTS 506 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,738,000 -10.86 164,000 13.31 47,300 ON2V((n))((f*)) Template:SIMBAD link [22][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 35342 B (in LMC) 1,722,000 -10.85 163,000 11.28 24,000 B0.5I SIMBAD [12]
CPD -69 471 (in LMC) 1,706,000 -10.84 163,000 12.37 42,700 O2-3(n)fp SIMBAD [12]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |DBSB 179-20 (WR 84–1 in DBSB 179 of G347.6+0.2) 1,698,000 -10.835 25,800 12.37 (J band) 35,000 WN8-9 Template:SIMBAD link [58][59][n]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | R147 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,698,000 -10.835 164,000 13.02 50,000 WN5h Template:SIMBAD link [1][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | VFTS 16 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,698,000 -10.835 164,000 13.55 53,100 O2IIIf* Template:SIMBAD link [22][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Cygnus OB2 #12 A (in Cygnus OB2) 1,660,000 -10.81 5,000 11.702 (combined) 13,700 B3–4 Ia+ Template:SIMBAD link [65][66][f]
PGMW 3120 (in LMC) 1,644,000 -10.8 163,000 12.47 39,800 O5.5V((f*)) SIMBAD [12]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Sher 18 (in HD 97950 of NGC 3603) 1,644,000 -10.8 25,000 12.51 39,500 O3.5If Template:SIMBAD link [34][67]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Sher 47 (in HD 97950 of NGC 3603) 1,644,000 -10.8 25,000 12.67 44,000 O4V Template:SIMBAD link [34][67]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Mercer 23-1 (in Mercer 23 near Galactic plane) 1,622,000 -10.785 21,200 10.615 (J band) 35,000 O5.5I Template:SIMBAD link [23][11][c]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |VFTS 1017 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,622,000 -10.785 164,000 14.52 50,100 O2 If*/WN5 Template:SIMBAD link [22][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 87 (in HM 1) 1,622,000 -10.785 9,500 11.83 44,700 WN7h Template:SIMBAD link [30][14]
HD 269896 (in LMC) 1,600,000 -10.77 163,000 11.36 29,500 ON9.7Ia+ SIMBAD [12]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | AF Andromedae (in Andromeda Galaxy) 1,585,000 -10.76 2,500,000 17.325 28,000 LBV Template:SIMBAD link [51][9]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Arches-F12 (WR 102af in Arches Cluster) 1,585,000 -10.76 25,000 16.4 (J band) 36,900 WN7-8 Template:SIMBAD link [20][47]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HSH95-18 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,585,000 -10.76 163,000 13.87 47,000 O3III(f+) Template:SIMBAD link [2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |LHO 110 (WR 102df in Quintuplet cluster) 1,585,000 -10.76 26,000 13.87 (J band) 25,100 O6–8If Template:SIMBAD link [37][26]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |R140a1 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,585,000 -10.76 163,000 12.12 (combined) 34,000 WN4 Template:SIMBAD link [2]
BI 265 (in LMC) 1,585,000 -10.76 163,000 12.38 40,700 O5III(fc) SIMBAD
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |VFTS 457 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,585,000 -10.76 164,000 13.74 39,800 O3.5If*/WN7 Template:SIMBAD link [22][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 107 (in Sagittarius OB1) 1,585,000 -10.76 9,400 13.51 50,100 WN8 Template:SIMBAD link [30][14]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 140 B (in Cygnus OB1) 1,585,000 -10.76 5,300 6.85 (combined) 35,000 O5 Template:SIMBAD link [68][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 148 A (Runaway star from Galactic plane) 1,585,000 -10.76 27,100 10.3 (combined) 39,800 WN8h Template:SIMBAD link [30][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |CXOGC J174617.0-285131 (in Galactic Center) 1,549,000 -10.735 26,000 14.98 (J band) 40,000 O6If+ Template:SIMBAD link [21]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |CXOGC J174725.3-282709 (in Galactic Center) 1,549,000 -10.735 26,000 16.37 (J band) 30,000 O4-6I Template:SIMBAD link [21]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Sk -68° 137 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,549,000 -10.735 160,000 13.346 55,000 OB Template:SIMBAD link [69][41]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 102i (in Quintuplet cluster) 1,549,000 -10.735 26,000 14.31 (J band) 31,600 WN9h Template:SIMBAD link [37][26]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 97950 A1b (WR 43a B in HD 97950 of NGC 3603) 1,514,000 -10.71 24,000 11.18 (combined) 40,000 WN6h Template:SIMBAD link [33][34]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Westerhout 49-3 (in Westerhout 49) 1,514,000 -10.71 36,200 16.689 (J band) 40,700 O3-O7V Template:SIMBAD link [10][11]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Brey 21 A (in NGC 1910 of LMC) 1,500,000 -10.7 165,000 11.29 (combined) 71,000 WN Template:SIMBAD link [13][14]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 97950 A2 (in HD 97950 of NGC 3603) 1,500,000 -10.7 24,000 12.53 46,500 O3V Template:SIMBAD link [34][67]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HM 1-6 (in HM 1) 1,500,000 -10.7 11,000 11.64 44,700 O5.5Ifc Template:SIMBAD link [42][70]


style="background: Template:Star-color;" | LGGS J013245.41+303858.3 (in Triangulum Galaxy) 1,500,000 -10.7 3,000,000 17.612 34,000 Ofpe Template:SIMBAD link [71][9]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |NGC 346-W1 (in NGC 346 of SMC) 1,500,000 -10.7 200,000 12.57 43,400 O4If Template:SIMBAD link [13][60]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Sk -65° 47 (in NGC 1923 of LMC) 1,500,000 -10.7 160,000 12.466 47,800 O4If Template:SIMBAD link [13][41]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Sk 80 (in NGC 346 of SMC) 1,500,000 -10.7 200,000 12.31 38,900 O7Iaf+ Template:SIMBAD link [13][72]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | 10584-4-1 (in Messier 81) 1,500,000 -10.7 11,842,000 19.68 19,671 sgB[e] Template:SIMBAD link [24]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 93129 Aa (in Trumpler 14 of Carina Nebula) 1,479,000 -10.685 7,500 6.9 (combined) 42,500 O2If* Template:SIMBAD link [73][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | R136a8 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,479,000 -10.685 163,000 14.42 49,500 O2–3V Template:SIMBAD link [45][74]
SK -67 150 (in LMC) 1,472,000 -10.68 163,000 12.24 41,700 OB SIMBAD [12]
[HCD2002] 107 (in LMC) 1,445,000 -10.66 163,000 13.79 40,700 O4-6Vz SIMBAD [12]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |VFTS 542 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,445,000 -10.66 164,000 13.49 44,700 O2If*/WN5 Template:SIMBAD link [22][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |AB8 A (in NGC 602 of SMC) 1,413,000 -10.635 197,000 12.9 (combined) 141,000 WO4 Template:SIMBAD link [48][75]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Arches-F15 (in Arches Cluster) 1,413,000 -10.635 25,000 16.12 (J band) 35,600 O4-6If Template:SIMBAD link [20][47]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |CXOGC J174550.2-284911 (WR 102–4 in Galactic Center) 1,413,000 -10.635 26,000 15.24 (J band) 30,000 WN9h Template:SIMBAD link [21]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |DBSB 179-4 (WR 84–7 in DBSB 179 of G347.6+0.2) 1,413,000 -10.635 25,800 12.25 (J band) 30,000 Ofpe/WN9 Template:SIMBAD link [58][59][n]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | LGGS J013235.25+303017.6 (in Triangulum Galaxy) 1,413,000 -10.635 3,000,000 18.007 33,000 LBV Template:SIMBAD link [8][76]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | Melnick 33Na A (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,413,000 -10.635 164,000 13.79 (combined) 50,000 OC2.5If* Template:SIMBAD link [77][78]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | R134 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,413,000 -10.635 164,000 12.58 47,000 WN6h Template:SIMBAD link [1][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |S Doradus (in NGC 1910 of LMC) 1,413,000 -10.635 169,000 10.25 20,000 B8/9eq – F0/5:Iae Template:SIMBAD link [79][14]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | WR 66 (in Circinus OB1) 1,413,000 -10.635 16,900 11.34 44,700 WN8(h) Template:SIMBAD link [30][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 37974 (in N135 of LMC) 1,400,000 -10.625 163,000 10.99 22,500 B0.5Ia+ Template:SIMBAD link [80][14][r]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 269846 (in LMC) 1,406,000 -10.63 163,000 11.63 28,200 OB SIMBAD [12]
W61 3-24 (in LMC) 1,393,000 -10.62 163,000 14.03 43,700 O3.5V(f+) SIMBAD [12]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | VFTS 621 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,380,000 -10.61 164,000 15.39 54,000 O2V((f*))z Template:SIMBAD link [22][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | WR 131 (in Cygnus OB3) 1,380,000 -10.61 22,600 12.08 44,700 WN7h Template:SIMBAD link [30][70]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Sk -69° 104 (in NGC 1910 of LMC) 1,368,000 -10.6 160,000 12.1 39,900 O6Ib(f) Template:SIMBAD link [13][41]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | Var A-1 (in Andromeda Galaxy) 1,368,000 -10.6 2,500,000 17.143 21,700 LBV Template:SIMBAD link [81]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Mercer 30-6a A (WR 46-4 A in Mercer 30 of Dragonfish Nebula) 1,349,000 -10.585 40,000 10.39 (J band) 29,900 Ofpe/WN9 Template:SIMBAD link [27][d]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | VFTS 427 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,349,000 -10.585 164,000 13.76 39,800 WN8 Template:SIMBAD link [22][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Westerhout 51-3 (in Westerhout 51) 1,349,000 -10.585 20,000 16.998 (J band) 39,800 O3-8V Template:SIMBAD link [62][11]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 269722 (in LMC) 1,343,000 -10.58 163,000 11.52 28,200 OBe SIMBAD [12]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |CXOGC J174502.8-290859 (in Galactic Center) 1,318,000 -10.56 26,000 13.93 (J band) 33,000 O9I-B0I Template:SIMBAD link [21]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | HSH95-49 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,318,000 -10.56 163,000 14.75 58,000 O3V Template:SIMBAD link [45][2][s]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 269810 (in NGC 2032 of LMC) 1,318,000 -10.56 163,000 12.28 44,700 O2III(f*) SIMBAD [12]
HD 270145 (in LMC) 1,306,000 -10.55 163,000 12.17 43,700 O6.5Iaf [12]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Westerhout 49-15 (in Westerhout 49) 1,288,000 -10.535 36,200 18.307 (J band) 43,700 O2-3.5If* Template:SIMBAD link [10][11]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Westerhout 51d (in Westerhout 51) 1,288,000 -10.535 20,000 15.11 (J band) 42,700 Template:SIMBAD link [62][11]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 18 (in Carina OB1 of Carina Nebula) 1,288,000 -10.535 12,450 10.83 112,200 WN4-s Template:SIMBAD link [30][14]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |[BMS2003] 578 B (in NGC 604 of Triangulum Galaxy) 1,285,000 -10.53 2,700,000 15.97 (combined) 32,000 O9Ia SIMBAD [5]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |AB7 A (in NGC 371 of SMC) 1,259,000 -10.51 197,000 13.016 (combined) 105,000 WN4 Template:SIMBAD link [48][60]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Arches-F3 (WR 102bb in Arches Cluster) 1,259,000 -10.51 25,000 16.06 (J band) 29,600 WN8-9h Template:SIMBAD link [20][47]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Arches-F8 (WR 102ag in Arches Cluster) 1,259,000 -10.51 25,000 16.31 (J band) 32,900 WN8-9h Template:SIMBAD link [20][47]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | HD 50064 (in NGC 2301) 1,259,000 -10.51 9,500 8.21 13,500 B6Ia Template:SIMBAD link [82]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HSH95-16 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,259,000 -10.51 163,000 13.65 42,000 OC2.5If* Template:SIMBAD link [2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HSH95-20 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,259,000 -10.51 164,000 13.71 46,000 O2If* Template:SIMBAD link [2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | HSH95-46 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,259,000 -10.51 163,000 14.56 47,500 Template:SIMBAD link [45][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | R139 A (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,259,000 -10.51 163,000 11.94 (combined) 34,000 O6.5Iafc Template:SIMBAD link [83][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | VFTS 259 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,259,000 -10.51 164,000 13.65 37,700 O6Iaf Template:SIMBAD link [22][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |VFTS 1031 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,259,000 -10.51 164,000 13.89 48,000 O3.5 Template:SIMBAD link [2]
NGC 2070 MH 980 (in NGC 2070 of LMC) 1,259,000 -10.51 163,000 13.68 42,700 O4V SIMBAD [12]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Sk -69° 194 (in NGC 2033 of LMC) 1,247,000 -10.5 160,000 12.131 (combined) 45,000 B0I Template:SIMBAD link [13][84]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |ST2-22 (in NGC 2044 of LMC) 1,247,000 -10.5 160,000 14.3 51,300 O3.5III(f+) Template:SIMBAD link [13][38]
HD 269215 (in LMC) 1,247,000 -10.5 163,000 11.94 36,300 OB SIMBAD [12]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Trumpler 27-27 (in Trumpler 27) 1,247,000 -10.5 8,200 13.31 37,000 O8III((f)) Template:SIMBAD link [42][14]


style="background: Template:Star-color;" |VFTS 1028 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,230,000 -10.485 164,000 13.84 47,300 O3.5-4.5 Template:SIMBAD link [22][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |LH 10-3601 (in NGC 1763 of LMC) 1,202,000 -10.46 160,000 13.491 55,000 ON2III(f*) Template:SIMBAD link [69][41]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |AB1 (in DEM S10 of SMC) 1,175,000 -10.435 197,000 15.238 79,000 WN3 Template:SIMBAD link [85][60][t]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |BI 253 (Runaway star from Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,175,000 -10.435 164,000 13.76 54,000 O2V-III(n)((f*)) Template:SIMBAD link [19][86]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | LGGS J013248.26+303950.4 (in Triangulum Galaxy) 1,175,000 -10.435 3,000,000 17.25 23,000 LBV Template:SIMBAD link [8][87]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Mercer 30-8 (WR 46–6 in Mercer 30 of Dragonfish Nebula) 1,175,000 -10.435 40,000 11.658 (J band) 38,100 WN7 Template:SIMBAD link [27][d]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |NGC 346-W3 (in NGC 346 of SMC) 1,175,000 -10.435 200,000 12.8 52,500 O2III(f) Template:SIMBAD link [69][60]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 102d (in Quintuplet cluster) 1,175,000 -10.435 26,000 15.18 (J band) 35,100 WN9h Template:SIMBAD link [37][26]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 126 (in Vulpecula OB2) 1,175,000 -10.435 24,680 13.29 63,000 WC5 Template:SIMBAD link [88][14]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 20a A (in Westerlund 2) 1,150,000 -10.412 20,000 13.28 (combined) 43,000 O3If*/WN6 Template:SIMBAD link [89]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 20a B (in Westerlund 2) 1,150,000 -10.412 20,000 13.28 (combined) 43,000 O3If*/WN6 Template:SIMBAD link [89]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |GCIRS 16SW A (WR 101k A in Galactic Center) 1,149,000 -10.411 26,000 15.5 (J band) 24,400 Ofpe/WN9 Template:SIMBAD link [90]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |GCIRS 16SW B (WR 101k B in Galactic Center) 1,149,000 -10.411 26,000 15.5 (J band) 23,500 Ofpe/WN9 Template:SIMBAD link [90]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | BAT99-104 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,148,000 -10.41 165,000 14.52 63,000 O2If*/WN5 Template:SIMBAD link [1][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |CXOGC J174516.7-285824 (WR 101–3 in Galactic Center) 1,148,000 -10.41 26,000 16.67 (J band) 35,000 WN7-8h Template:SIMBAD link [21]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | G0.121-0.099 (WR 102–16 in Galactic Center) 1,148,000 -10.41 26,000 14.972 (J band) 40,000 WN8-9h Template:SIMBAD link [3]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |G359.797+0.037 (in Galactic Center) 1,148,000 -10.41 26,000 16.1 (J band) 30,000 B0-2I Template:SIMBAD link [3]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 93205 A (in Trumpler 16 of Carina Nebula) 1,148,000 -10.41 7,500 7.75 (combined) 51,300 O3.5Vf Template:SIMBAD link [91][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | HSH95-47 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,148,000 -10.41 163,000 14.72 46,500 O3III Template:SIMBAD link [45][2][s]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | WR 158 (in Cassiopeia OB1) 1,148,000 -10.41 16,300 11.282 44,700 WN7h Template:SIMBAD link [30][66]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 28 (in FSR 1555) 1,148,000 -10.41 18,700 12.98 50,100 WN6(h)-w Template:SIMBAD link [30][14][u]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 303308 (in Trumpler 16 of Carina Nebula) 1,138,000 -10.4 7,500 8.17 51,300 O3V Template:SIMBAD link [42][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | M33C-15235 (in Triangulum Galaxy) 1,138,000 -10.4 3,000,000 17.73 29,200 WN/Of Template:SIMBAD link [71][92]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | ZH 364 (in Messier 81) 1,138,000 -10.4 11,842,000 19.59 15,860 LBV?e Template:SIMBAD link [24]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 269700 (in LMC) 1,127,000 -10.39 163,000 10.54 19,500 B1.5Iaeq SIMBAD [12]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |AB9 (in DEM S80 of SMC) 1,122,000 -10.385 197,000 15.431 100,000 WN3ha Template:SIMBAD link [85][60][v]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Arches-F18 (in Arches Cluster) 1,122,000 -10.385 25,000 16.7 (J band) 36,900 O4-6I Template:SIMBAD link [20][47]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |BAT99-64 A (in NGC 2033 of LMC) 1,122,000 -10.385 165,000 14.073 (combined) 71,000 WN4o Template:SIMBAD link [1][41]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Var B (in Triangulum Galaxy) 1,122,000 -10.385 3,000,000 16.208 9,000 LBV Template:SIMBAD link [51][9]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |VFTS 562 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,122,000 -10.385 164,000 13.66 42,200 O4III(f) Template:SIMBAD link [22][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 37 (in SFC 27 of G291.27-0.71) 1,122,000 -10.385 21,900 16 100,000 WN4-s Template:SIMBAD link [30][14][w]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |SK -69 98 (in LMC) 1,096,000 -10.36 163,000 12.29 28,200 OB SIMBAD [12]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |VFTS 512 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,096,000 -10.36 164,000 14.28 47,700 O2V-III((f*)) Template:SIMBAD link [22][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Mercer 30-6b (in Mercer 30 of Dragonfish Nebula) 1,072,000 -10.335 40,000 14.25 (J band) 30,500 O6If Template:SIMBAD link [27][d]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |VFTS 3 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,072,000 -10.335 164,000 11.56 21,000 B1Ia+ Template:SIMBAD link [19][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |VFTS 151 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,072,000 -10.335 164,000 14.13 42,200 O6.5II(f)p Template:SIMBAD link [22][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |VFTS 603 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,060,000 -10.323 164,000 13.99 43,400 O4III(fc) Template:SIMBAD link [93][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 268605 (in LMC) 1,057,000 -10.32 163,000 11.34 28,200 O9.5/B0Ia SIMBAD [12]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |CXOGC J174532.7-285126 (in Galactic Center) 1,047,000 -10.31 26,000 10.72 (J band) 40,000 O4-6I Template:SIMBAD link [21]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 93403 A (in Trumpler 16 of Carina Nebula) 1,047,000 -10.31 10,000 8.27 (combined) 39,300 O5.5III(fc)var Template:SIMBAD link [94][14]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Mercer 30-2 (in Mercer 30 of Dragonfish Nebula) 1,047,000 -10.31 40,000 12.63 (J band) 21,200 B1-4Ia+ Template:SIMBAD link [27][d]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |R133 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,047,000 -10.31 163,000 12.49 37,600 O7/8II Template:SIMBAD link [22][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 269786 (in LMC) 1,047,000 -10.31 163,000 11.18 24,000 B1I SIMBAD [12]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 97950 E (in HD 97950 of NGC 3603) 1,038,000 -10.3 24,000 13.081 46,500 O5.5III(f) Template:SIMBAD link [34][67]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 229059 (in Berkeley 87) 1,038,000 -10.3 3,200 8.7 26,300 B1Ia Template:SIMBAD link [42][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | M33C-10788 (in Triangulum Galaxy) 1,038,000 -10.3 3,000,000 17.95 32,000 Ofpe/WN9 Template:SIMBAD link [71][92]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Sk -69° 200 (in NGC 2033 of LMC) 1,038,000 -10.3 160,000 11.18 26,300 B1I Template:SIMBAD link [13][14]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Sk -69° 259 (in NGC 2081 of LMC) 1,038,000 -10.3 160,000 11.93 30,000 B[e] Template:SIMBAD link [13][14]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 77k (in Westerlund 1) 1,038,000 -10.3 11,000 18.86 35,000 WN7 Template:SIMBAD link [95][96]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | 10182-pr-6 (in NGC 2403) 1,038,000 -10.3 10,314,000 18.79 8,000 A8-F0Ie Template:SIMBAD link [24]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |[RP2006] 542 (in LMC) 1,028,000 -10.29 163,000 16.75 29,500 B0IV[e] SIMBAD [12]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 93250 A (in Trumpler 16 of Carina Nebula) 1,023,000 -10.285 7,500 7.5 (combined) 46,000 O4 IV(fc) Template:SIMBAD link [97][29][f]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |VFTS 267 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,023,000 -10.285 164,000 13.49 44,700 O3III-I(n)f* Template:SIMBAD link [22][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |VFTS 599 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,023,000 -10.285 164,000 13.8 47,300 O3III(f*) Template:SIMBAD link [19][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |VVV CL074-9 (WR 75–29 in VVV CL074) 1,023,000 -10.285 20,000 15.22 (J band) 37,000 WN7/O4-6If+ Template:SIMBAD link [46][i]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 156 (in Cepheus OB1) 1,023,000 -10.285 13,400 11.01 39,800 WN8h Template:SIMBAD link [30][49]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HD 269050 (in LMC) 1,019,000 -10.28 163,000 11.54 28,200 B0Ia(e?) SIMBAD [12]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Arches-F2 (WR 102aa in Arches Cluster) 1,000,000 -10.26 25,000 17.84 (J band) 33,500 WN8-9 Template:SIMBAD link [20][47]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Arches-F14 (WR 102ba in Arches Cluster) 1,000,000 -10.26 25,000 16.38 (J band) 34,500 WN8-9 Template:SIMBAD link [20][47]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | BAT99-68 (in BSDL 2505 of LMC) 1,000,000 -10.26 163,000 14.13 45,000 O3If*/WN6 Template:SIMBAD link [1][98][x]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |CXOGC J174628.2-283920 (in Galactic Center) 1,000,000 -10.26 26,000 16.99 (J band) 40,000 O4-6I Template:SIMBAD link [21]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |CXOGC J174703.1-283119 (in Galactic Center) 1,000,000 -10.26 26,000 16.23 (J band) 40,000 O4-6I Template:SIMBAD link [21]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HSH95-28 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,000,000 -10.26 163,000 14.09 48,000 O3V Template:SIMBAD link [2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | HSH95-31 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,000,000 -10.26 163,000 14.12 48,000 Template:SIMBAD link [45][2][s]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |HSH95-57 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,000,000 -10.26 163,000 14.8 47,000 O3III Template:SIMBAD link [2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |R135 A (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,000,000 -10.26 163,000 13.48 (combined) 50,000 WN7h Template:SIMBAD link [1][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |R140a2 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,000,000 -10.26 163,000 12.12 (combined) 34,000 WC5 Template:SIMBAD link [2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |R142 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,000,000 -10.26 163,000 11.82 (combined) 21,000 B0Ia Template:SIMBAD link [2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |VFTS 64 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,000,000 -10.26 164,000 14.62 39,800 O7.5II(f) Template:SIMBAD link [22][2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |VFTS 591 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,000,000 -10.26 164,000 12.55 27,000 B0.5Ia Template:SIMBAD link [2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |VFTS 1034 (in Tarantula Nebula of LMC) 1,000,000 -10.26 164,000 13.36 34,000 O8II Template:SIMBAD link [2]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |VVV CL074-3 (WR 75–28 in VVV CL074) 1,000,000 -10.26 20,000 14.72 (J band) 31,500 WN8 Template:SIMBAD link [46][i]

A few notable stars of luminosity less than 1 million L☉ are kept here for the purpose of comparison.

Star name Bolometric
luminosity
(L☉, Sun = 1) 		Absolute
bolometric
magnitude 		Approx. distance
from earth (ly) 		Apparent
visible magnitude 		Effective
temperature (K) 		Link Reference
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |ζ1 Scorpii (in NGC 6231 of Scorpius OB1) 851,000 -10.085 8,210 4.705 17,200 Template:SIMBAD link [99][100]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |ζ Puppis (Naos in Vela R2 of Vela Molecular Ridge) 813,000 -10.035 1,080 2.25 40,000 Template:SIMBAD link [101][29][y]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |α Camelopardalis (Runaway star from NGC 1502) 676,000 -9.835 6,000 4.29 29,000 Template:SIMBAD link [97][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 78 (in NGC 6231 of Scorpius OB1) 631,000 -9.76 4,100 6.48 50,100 Template:SIMBAD link [30][31]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |λ Cephei (Runaway star from Cepheus OB3) 631,000 -9.76 3,100 5.05 36,000 Template:SIMBAD link [101][29]


style="background: Template:Star-color;" |P Cygni (in IC 4996 of Cygnus OB1) 610,000 -9.723 5,100 4.82 18,700 Template:SIMBAD link [102][29][z]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |WR 79a (in NGC 6231 of Scorpius OB1) 603,000 -9.71 5,600 5.77 35,000 Template:SIMBAD link [103][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |ε Orionis (Alnilam in Orion OB1 of Orion complex) 537,000 -9.585 2,000 1.69 27,500 Template:SIMBAD link [104][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |η Carinae B (in Trumpler 16 of Carina Nebula) 400,000 -9.265 7,500 4.3 (combined) 37,200 Template:SIMBAD link [105][16]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |μ Normae (in NGC 6169) 339,000 -9.085 3,260 4.91 28,000 Template:SIMBAD link [106][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |κ Cassiopeiae (in Cassiopeia OB14) 302,000 -8.96 4,000 4.16 23,500 Template:SIMBAD link [104][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |τ Canis Majoris Aa (in NGC 2362) 299,000 -8.95 5,120 4.89 32,000 Template:SIMBAD link [107][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |θ Muscae Ab (in Centaurus OB1) 295,000 -8.935 7,400 5.53 (combined) 33,000 Template:SIMBAD link [108][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |γ2 Velorum B (in Vela OB2) 280,000 -8.878 1,230 1.83 (combined) 35,000 Template:SIMBAD link [109][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |ξ Persei (Menkib in California Nebula of Perseus OB2) 263,000 -8.81 1,200 4.04 35,000 Template:SIMBAD link [97][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |ζ Orionis Aa (Alnitak in Orion OB1 of Orion complex) 250,000 -8.755 1,260 2.08 29,500 Template:SIMBAD link [110]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |θ Muscae Aa (WR 48 in Centaurus OB1) 234,000 -8.685 7,400 5.53 (combined) 83,000 Template:SIMBAD link [111][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |ο2 Canis Majoris (in Collinder 121) 219,000 -8.61 2,800 3.043 15,500 Template:SIMBAD link [112][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |θ1 Orionis C1 (in Trapezium Cluster of Orion complex) 204,000 -8.535 1,340 5.13 (combined) 39,000 Template:SIMBAD link [113][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |δ Orionis Aa1 (Mintaka in Orion OB1 of Orion complex) 191,000 -8.46 1,200 2.5 (combined) 29,500 Template:SIMBAD link [114][115]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |γ2 Velorum A (WR 11 in Vela OB2) 170,000 -8.336 1,230 1.83 (combined) 57,000 Template:SIMBAD link [109][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |η Canis Majoris (Aludra in Collinder 121) 151,000 -8.21 2,000 2.45 15,000 Template:SIMBAD link [104][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |κ Crucis (in Jewel Box Cluster of Centaurus OB1) 151,000 -8.21 7,500 5.98 16,300 Template:SIMBAD link [116][49]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |λ Orionis A (Meissa in Collinder 69 of Orion complex) 150,000 -8.2 1,100 3.54 37,700 Template:SIMBAD link [117][118]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" | β Orionis A (Rigel in Orion OB1 of Orion complex) 120,000 -7.96 860 0.13 12,100 Template:SIMBAD link [119][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |θ2 Orionis A (in Orion OB1 of Orion complex) 107,000 -7.833 1,500 5.02 34,900 Template:SIMBAD link [120][121]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Betelgeuse 87,100 -7.61 550 0.50 3,600 SIMBAD [122][123]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |Antares A 75,900 -7.46 550 0.6–1.6 3,660 SIMBAD [124][125]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |ζ Ophiuchi (in Upper Scorpius subgroup of Scorpius OB2) 74,100 -7.435 370 2.569 34,000 Template:SIMBAD link [97][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |ι Orionis Aa1 (Hatysa in NGC 1980 of Orion complex) 68,000 -7.341 1,340 2.77 (combined) 32,500 Template:SIMBAD link [126][127]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |υ Orionis (in Orion OB1 of Orion complex) 60,000 -7.205 2,900 4.618 33,400 Template:SIMBAD link [128][129]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |κ Orionis (Saiph in Orion OB1 of Orion complex) 57,000 -7.147 650 2.09 26,500 Template:SIMBAD link [107][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |σ Cygni (in Cygnus OB4) 52,000 -7.06 3,260 4.233 10,800 Template:SIMBAD link [130][131]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |ζ Persei (in Perseus OB2) 47,000 -6.941 750 2.86 20,800 Template:SIMBAD link [107][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |μ Columbae (Runaway star from Trapezium Cluster) 46,000 -6.91 1,300 5.18 33,000 Template:SIMBAD link [132][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |σ Orionis Aa (in Orion OB1 of Orion complex) 41,700 -6.81 1,260 4.07 (combined) 35,000 Template:SIMBAD link [133][134]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |δ Scorpii A (Dschubba in Upper Scorpius subgroup of Scorpius OB2) 38,000 -6.71 440 2.307 (combined) 27,400 Template:SIMBAD link [135][136]


style="background: Template:Star-color;" |ε Persei A (in α Persei Cluster) 28,300 -6.391 640 2.88 (combined) 26,500 Template:SIMBAD link [107][137]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |θ Carinae A (in IC 2602 of Scorpius OB2) 25,700 -6.284 460 2.76 (combined) 31,000 Template:SIMBAD link [107][138]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |β Canis Majoris (Mirzam in Local Bubble of Scorpius OB2) 25,000 -6.26 490 1.985 23,200 Template:SIMBAD link [139][140]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |σ Orionis Ab (in Orion OB1 of Orion complex) 18,600 -5.934 1,260 4.07 (combined) 29,000 Template:SIMBAD link [133][134]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |σ Orionis B (in Orion OB1 of Orion complex) 15,800 -5.757 1,260 4.07 (combined) 31,000 Template:SIMBAD link [133][134]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |θ2 Orionis B (in Orion OB1 of Orion complex) 12,300 -5.485 1,500 6.38 29,300 Template:SIMBAD link [141]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |γ Orionis (Bellatrix in Bellatrix Cluster of Orion complex) 9,210 -5.17 250 1.64 21,800 Template:SIMBAD link [142][143]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |ι Orionis Aa2 (in NGC 1980 of Orion complex) 8,630 -5.1 1,340 2.77 (combined) 27,000 Template:SIMBAD link [126][127]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |λ Tauri A (in Pisces-Eridanus stellar stream) 5,800 -4.669 480 3.47 (combined) 18,700 Template:SIMBAD link [107][144]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |ρ Ophiuchi A (in ρ Ophiuchi cloud complex of Scorpius OB2) 4,000 -4.285 360 4.63 (combined) 22,000 Template:SIMBAD link [145][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |δ Persei (in α Persei Cluster) 2,860 -3.901 520 3.01 14,900 Template:SIMBAD link [146][138]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |α Scorpii B (in Loop I Bubble of Scorpius OB2) 2,820 -3.885 550 5.5 18,500 Template:SIMBAD link [147][118]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |α Pavonis Aa (Peacock in Tucana-Horologium association) 2,150 -3.593 180 1.94 17,700 Template:SIMBAD link [148][127]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |η Tauri A (Alcyone in Pleiades) 1,820 -3.409 440 2.87 (combined) 12,300 Template:SIMBAD link [149][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |ο Velorum (in IC 2391 of Scorpius OB2) 1,000 -2.76 490 3.6 16,200 Template:SIMBAD link [150][138]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |ψ Persei (in α Persei Cluster) 775 -2.483 580 4.31 16,000 Template:SIMBAD link [146][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |γ Canis Majoris (Muliphein in Collinder 121) 715 -2.397 440 4.1 13,600 Template:SIMBAD link [146][151]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |ο Aquarii (in Pisces-Eridanus stellar stream) 340 -1.589 440 4.71 13,500 Template:SIMBAD link [146][152]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |φ Eridani (in Tucana-Horologium association) 255 -1.276 150 3.55 13,700 Template:SIMBAD link [153][154]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |ν Fornacis (in Pisces-Eridanus stellar stream) 245 -1.233 370 4.69 13,400 Template:SIMBAD link [155][29]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |ε Chamaeleontis (in ε Chamaeleontis moving group of Scorpius OB2) 100 -0.26 360 4.91 10,900 Template:SIMBAD link [156][138]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |η Chamaeleontis (in η Chamaeleontis moving group of Scorpius OB2) 95 -0.204 310 5.453 12,500 Template:SIMBAD link [146][49]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |ε Hydri (in Tucana-Horologium association) 60 0.295 150 4.12 11,000 Template:SIMBAD link [157][146]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |τ1 Aquarii (in Pisces-Eridanus stellar stream) 50 0.429 320 5.66 10,600 Template:SIMBAD link [146][158]
style="background: Template:Star-color;" |β1 Tucanae (in Tucana-Horologium association) 40 0.735 140 4.37 10,600 Template:SIMBAD link [159][118]
Sun (in Solar System) 1 4.739996 0.0000158 -26.744 5,772 IAU [160][161][162]
  1. ↑ M33-013406.63, also called LGGS J013406.63+304147.8, was thought of as a star with over 8 million luminosity in the past, but a new reference indicated that M33-013406.63 may be a binary, the primary will be reduced to about 4.5 million luminosity.
  2. ↑ Identified as a binary system, or possibly three stars. But the secondary is almost completely swamped by the primary.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Mercer 23 is an open cluster near Galactic plane.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Mercer 30 is an open cluster in Dragonfish Nebula.
  5. ↑ The paper mistakenly lists the bolometric magnitude as -10.5 instead of -11.5.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 This is a binary system but the secondary is much less luminous than the primary.
  7. ↑ VVV CL041 is an open cluster.
  8. ↑ Cl 1813-178 is an open cluster in the molecular cloud complex W33 Complex.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 VVV CL074 is an open cluster.
  10. ↑ Variable, luminosity was five times higher at outburst in 1994.
  11. ↑ Luminous blue variable, peak luminosity shown.
  12. ↑ G10.0-0.3 is a radio nebula in Galactic Center.
  13. ↑ Mercer 81 is an open cluster in the molecular cloud G338.4+0.2.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 DBSB 179 is an open cluster in the molecular cloud G347.6+0.2.
  15. ↑ Bochum 10 is an open cluster in Carina Nebula.
  16. ↑ Blue Bubble Nebula is a Wolf–Rayet nebula around Hen 3-519.
  17. ↑ Strictly speaking, MSX5C G358.5391+00.1305 is the name of the star, Wray 17-96 is the name of the nebula.
  18. ↑ N135 is an emission nebula in Large Magellanic Cloud.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 This parameter is based on the optical-only fits for these stars.
  20. ↑ DEM S10 is a H II region in Small Magellanic Cloud.
  21. ↑ FSR 1555 is a star cluster.
  22. ↑ DEM S80 is a H II region in Small Magellanic Cloud.
  23. ↑ SFC 27 is a part of the molecular cloud G291.27-0.71.
  24. ↑ BSDL 2505 is a star cluster in Large Magellanic Cloud.
  25. ↑ Vela R2 is a OB association in Vela Molecular Ridge.
  26. ↑ IC 4996 is an open cluster in Cygnus OB1.

References[change | change source]

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 Hainich, R.; Rühling, U.; Todt, H.; Oskinova, L. M.; Liermann, A.; Gräfener, G.; Foellmi, C.; Schnurr, O.; Hamann, W. -R. (2014). "The Wolf-Rayet stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 565: A27. arXiv:1401.5474. Bibcode:2014A&A...565A..27H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322696. S2CID 55123954.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.35 2.36 2.37 2.38 2.39 2.40 2.41 2.42 2.43 2.44 2.45 2.46 2.47 2.48 2.49 2.50 2.51 2.52 2.53 2.54 2.55 2.56 Doran, E. I.; Crowther, P. A.; de Koter, A.; Evans, C. J.; McEvoy, C.; Walborn, N. R.; Bastian, N.; Bestenlehner, J. M.; Gräfener, G.; Herrero, A.; Köhler, K.; Maíz Apellániz, J.; Najarro, F.; Puls, J.; Sana, H.; Schneider, F. R. N.; Taylor, W. D.; van Loon, J. Th.; Vink, J. S. (2013). "The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey. XI. A census of the hot luminous stars and their feedback in 30 Doradus". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 558 (134): 30. arXiv:1308.3412. Bibcode:2013A&A...558A.134D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321824. S2CID 118510909.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Mauerhan, J. C.; Cotera, A.; Dong, H.; Morris, M. R.; Wang, Q. D.; Stolovy, S. R.; Lang, C. (2010). "Isolated Wolf-Rayet Stars and O Supergiants in the Galactic Center Region Identified Via Paschen-α Excess". The Astrophysical Journal. 725 (1): 188–199. arXiv:1009.2769. Bibcode:2010ApJ...725..188M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/188. S2CID 20968628. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "mcd2010" defined multiple times with different content
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Dong, H.; Wang, Q. D.; Cotera, A.; Stolovy, S.; Morris, M. R.; Mauerhan, J.; Mills, E. A.; Schneider, G.; Calzetti, D.; Lang, C. (2011-10-11). "Hubble Space Telescope Paschen α survey of the Galactic Centre: data reduction and products: HST/NICMOS Paschen α survey of the GC". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 417 (1): 114–135. arXiv:1105.1703. Bibcode:2011MNRAS.417..114D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19013.x. S2CID 11060463.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Bruhweiler, Fred C.; Miskey, Cherie L.; Smith Neubig, Margaret (June 2003). "STIS Spectral Imagery of the OB Stars in NGC 604. II. The Most Luminous Stars". The Astronomical Journal. 125 (6): 3082–3096. arXiv:astro-ph/0303442. Bibcode:2003AJ....125.3082B. doi:10.1086/374988. ISSN 0004-6256.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Bestenlehner, Joachim M.; Crowther, Paul A.; Caballero-Nieves, Saida M.; Schneider, Fabian R. N.; Simón-Díaz, Sergio; Brands, Sarah A.; de Koter, Alex; Gräfener, Götz; Herrero, Artemio; Langer, Norbert; Lennon, Daniel J. (2020-12-01). "The R136 star cluster dissected with Hubble Space Telescope/STIS - II. Physical properties of the most massive stars in R136". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 499 (2): 1918–1936. arXiv:2009.05136. Bibcode:2020MNRAS.499.1918B. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2801. ISSN 0035-8711.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Kalari, Venu M.; Horch, Elliott P.; Salinas, Ricardo; Vink, Jorick S.; Andersen, Morten; Bestenlehner, Joachim M.; Rubio, Monica (2022). "Resolving the Core of R136 in the Optical". The Astrophysical Journal. 935 (2): 162. arXiv:2207.13078. Bibcode:2022ApJ...935..162K. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac8424. S2CID 251067072.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Kourniotis, M; Kraus, M; Arias, M L; Cidale, L; Torres, A F (2018-11-01). "On the evolutionary state of massive stars in transition phases in M33". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 480 (3): 3706–3717. arXiv:1808.00008. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.480.3706K. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2087. ISSN 0035-8711.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Massey, Philip; Olsen, K. A. G.; Hodge, Paul W.; Strong, Shay B.; Jacoby, George H.; Schlingman, Wayne; Smith, R. C. (2006). "A Survey of Local Group Galaxies Currently Forming Stars. I. UBVRI Photometry of Stars in M31 and M33". The Astronomical Journal. 131 (5): 2478–2496. arXiv:astro-ph/0602128. Bibcode:2006AJ....131.2478M. doi:10.1086/503256. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 118865956.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Wu, Shi-Wei; Bik, Arjan; Bestenlehner, Joachim M.; Henning, Thomas; Pasquali, Anna; Brandner, Wolfgang; Stolte, Andrea (May 2016). "The massive stellar population of W49: A spectroscopic survey". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 589: A16. arXiv:1602.05190. Bibcode:2016A&A...589A..16W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527823. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 59425112.
  11. ↑ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 Cutri, Roc M.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Beichman, Charles A.; Carpenter, John M.; Chester, Thomas; Cambresy, Laurent; Evans, Tracey E.; Fowler, John W.; Gizis, John E.; Howard, Elizabeth V.; Huchra, John P.; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Kopan, Eugene L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Light, Robert M.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; McCallon, Howard L.; Schneider, Stephen E.; Stiening, Rae; Sykes, Matthew J.; Weinberg, Martin D.; Wheaton, William A.; Wheelock, Sherry L.; Zacarias, N. (2003). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2246: II/246. Bibcode:2003yCat.2246....0C. S2CID 115529446.
  12. ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.17 12.18 12.19 12.20 12.21 12.22 12.23 12.24 Martin, John C.; Humphreys, Roberta M. (2023-11-01). "A Census of the Most Luminous Stars. I. The Upper HR Diagram for the Large Magellanic Cloud". The Astronomical Journal. 166 (5): 214. Bibcode:2023AJ....166..214M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad011e. ISSN 0004-6256.
  13. ↑ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 13.11 Massey, Philip; Waterhouse, Elizabeth; DeGioia-Eastwood, Kathleen (May 2000). "The Progenitor Masses of Wolf-Rayet Stars and Luminous Blue Variables Determined from Cluster Turnoffs. I. Results from 19 OB Associations in the Magellanic Clouds". The Astronomical Journal. 119 (5): 2214–2241. arXiv:astro-ph/0002233. Bibcode:2000AJ....119.2214M. doi:10.1086/301345. S2CID 16891188.
  14. ↑ 14.00 14.01 14.02 14.03 14.04 14.05 14.06 14.07 14.08 14.09 14.10 14.11 14.12 14.13 14.14 14.15 14.16 14.17 Zacharias, N.; Finch, C. T.; Girard, T. M.; Henden, A.; Bartlett, J. L.; et al. (July 2012). "VizieR On-line Data Catalog: UCAC4 Catalogue". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: I/322A. 1322. Bibcode:2012yCat.1322....0Z.
  15. ↑ Mehner, A.; De Wit, W.-J.; Asmus, D.; Morris, P. W.; Agliozzo, C.; Barlow, M. J.; Gull, T. R.; Hillier, D. J.; Weigelt, G. (2019). "Mid-infrared evolution of η Carinae from 1968 to 2018". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 630: L6. arXiv:1908.09154. Bibcode:2019A&A...630L...6M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936277. S2CID 202149820.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Hamaguchi, Kenji; Corcoran, Michael F; Pittard, Julian M; Sharma, Neetika; Takahashi, Hiromitsu; Russell, Christopher M. P; Grefenstette, Brian W; Wik, Daniel R; Gull, Theodore R; Richardson, Noel D; Madura, Thomas I; Moffat, Anthony F. J (2018). "Non-thermal X-rays from colliding wind shock acceleration in the massive binary Eta Carinae". Nature Astronomy. 2 (9): 731–736. arXiv:1904.09219. Bibcode:2018NatAs...2..731H. doi:10.1038/s41550-018-0505-1. S2CID 126188024.
  17. ↑ Damineli, Augusto; Hillier, Desmond J.; Navarete, Felipe; Moffat, Anthony F. J.; Weigelt, Gerd; Corcoran, Michael F.; Gull, Theodore R.; Richardson, Noel D.; Ho, Peter; Madura, Thomas I.; Espinoza-Galeas, David; Hartman, Henrik; Morris, Patrick; Pickett, Connor S.; Stevens, Ian R. (August 2023). "The Long-term Spectral Changes of Eta Carinae: Are they Caused by a Dissipating Occulter as Indicated by cmfgen Models?". The Astrophysical Journal. 954 (1): 65. arXiv:2211.01445. Bibcode:2023ApJ...954...65D. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ace596. ISSN 0004-637X.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Mauerhan, J. C.; Morris, M. R.; Cotera, A.; Dong, H.; Wang, Q. D.; Stolovy, S. R.; Lang, C.; Glass, I. S. (2010). "Discovery of a Luminous Blue Variable with an Ejection Nebula Near the Quintuplet Cluster". The Astrophysical Journal. 713 (1): L33–L36. arXiv:1002.3379. Bibcode:2010ApJ...713L..33M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/713/1/L33. S2CID 42696538. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "mauerhan" defined multiple times with different content
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Schneider, F. R. N.; Sana, H.; Evans, C. J.; Bestenlehner, J. M.; Castro, N.; Fossati, L.; Gräfener, G.; Langer, N.; Ramírez-Agudelo, O. H.; Sabín-Sanjulián, C.; Simón-Díaz, S.; Tramper, F.; Crowther, P. A.; de Koter, A.; de Mink, S. E.; Dufton, P. L.; Garcia, M.; Gieles, M.; Hénault-Brunet, V.; Herrero, A.; Izzard, R. G.; Kalari, V.; Lennon, D. J.; Maíz Apellániz, J.; Markova, N.; Najarro, F.; Podsiadlowski, Ph.; Puls, J.; Taylor, W. D.; van Loon, J. Th.; Vink, J. S.; Norman, C. (2018). "An excess of massive stars in the local 30 Doradus starburst". Science. 359 (6371): 69–71. arXiv:1801.03107. Bibcode:2018Sci...359...69S. doi:10.1126/science.aan0106. PMID 29302009. S2CID 206658504.
  20. ↑ 20.00 20.01 20.02 20.03 20.04 20.05 20.06 20.07 20.08 20.09 20.10 20.11 Martins, F.; Hillier, D. J.; Paumard, T.; Eisenhauer, F.; Ott, T.; Genzel, R. (2008). "The most massive stars in the Arches cluster". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 478 (1): 219–233. arXiv:0711.0657. Bibcode:2008A&A...478..219M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078469. S2CID 7509876.
  21. ↑ 21.00 21.01 21.02 21.03 21.04 21.05 21.06 21.07 21.08 21.09 21.10 21.11 21.12 21.13 21.14 Mauerhan, J. C.; Muno, M. P.; Morris, M. R.; Stolovy, S. R.; Cotera, A. (10 February 2010). "Near-infrared Counterparts to Chandra X-ray Sources Toward the Galactic Center. II. Discovery of Wolf-Rayet Stars and O Supergiants". The Astrophysical Journal. 710 (1): 706–728. arXiv:0912.1055. Bibcode:2010ApJ...710..706M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/710/1/706. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 32339182.
  22. ↑ 22.00 22.01 22.02 22.03 22.04 22.05 22.06 22.07 22.08 22.09 22.10 22.11 22.12 22.13 22.14 22.15 22.16 22.17 22.18 22.19 22.20 Bestenlehner, J. M.; Gräfener, G.; Vink, J. S.; Najarro, F.; De Koter, A.; Sana, H.; Evans, C. J.; Crowther, P. A.; Hénault-Brunet, V.; Herrero, A.; Langer, N.; Schneider, F. R. N.; Simón-Díaz, S.; Taylor, W. D.; Walborn, N. R. (2014). "The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey. XVII. Physical and wind properties of massive stars at the top of the main sequence". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 570: A38. arXiv:1407.1837. Bibcode:2014A&A...570A..38B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201423643. S2CID 118606369.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Hanson, M. M.; Kurtev, R.; Borissova, J.; Georgiev, L.; Ivanov, V. D.; Hillier, D. J.; Minniti, D. (June 2010). "Obscured clusters: III. Follow-up observations of Mercer 23". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 516: A35. Bibcode:2010A&A...516A..35H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913122. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 53705451.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 Humphreys, Roberta M.; Stangl, Sarah; Gordon, Michael S.; Davidson, Kris; Grammer, Skyler H. (January 2019). "Luminous and Variable Stars in NGC 2403 and M81". The Astronomical Journal. 157 (1): 22. arXiv:1811.06559. Bibcode:2019AJ....157...22H. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aaf1ac. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 119379139.
  25. ↑ Lau, R. M.; Herter, T. L.; Morris, M. R.; Adams, J. D. (2014). "Nature Versus Nurture: Luminous Blue Variable Nebulae in and Near Massive Stellar Clusters at the Galactic Center". The Astrophysical Journal. 785 (2): 120. arXiv:1403.5298. Bibcode:2014ApJ...785..120L. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/785/2/120. S2CID 118447462.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 26.5 26.6 Clark, J. S.; Lohr, M. E.; Patrick, L. R.; Najarro, F.; Dong, H.; Figer, D. F. (2018). "An updated stellar census of the Quintuplet cluster". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 618: A2. arXiv:1805.10139. Bibcode:2018A&A...618A...2C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833041. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 53501337.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 27.5 de la Fuente, D.; Najarro, F.; Borissova, J.; Ramírez Alegría, S.; Hanson, M. M.; Trombley, C.; Figer, D. F.; Davies, B.; Garcia, M.; Kurtev, R.; Urbaneja, M. A.; Smith, L. C.; Lucas, P. W.; Herrero, A. (May 2016). "Probing the Dragonfish star-forming complex: the ionizing population of the young massive cluster Mercer 30". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 589: A69. arXiv:1602.02503. Bibcode:2016A&A...589A..69D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201528004. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 119096455.
  28. ↑ Roman-Lopes, A. (2012). "A Galactic O2 If*/WN6 star possibly ejected from its birthplace in NGC 3603". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters. 427 (1): L65–L69. arXiv:1209.1598. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.427L..65R. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2012.01346.x. S2CID 118453639. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "lopes" defined multiple times with different content
  29. ↑ 29.00 29.01 29.02 29.03 29.04 29.05 29.06 29.07 29.08 29.09 29.10 29.11 29.12 29.13 29.14 29.15 29.16 29.17 29.18 29.19 29.20 29.21 29.22 29.23 29.24 29.25 29.26 29.27 29.28 29.29 29.30 29.31 29.32 29.33 29.34 29.35 29.36 29.37 Ducati, J. R. (2002). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2237: 0. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D.
  30. ↑ 30.00 30.01 30.02 30.03 30.04 30.05 30.06 30.07 30.08 30.09 30.10 30.11 30.12 30.13 30.14 30.15 30.16 Sota, A.; Maíz Apellániz, J.; Morrell, N. I.; Barbá, R. H.; Walborn, N. R.; Gamen, R. C.; Arias, J. I.; Alfaro, E. J.; Oskinova, L. M. (2019). "The Galactic WN stars revisited. Impact of Gaia distances on fundamental stellar parameters". Astronomy & Astrophysics. A57: 625. arXiv:1904.04687. Bibcode:2019A&A...625A..57H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834850. S2CID 104292503. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "WN" defined multiple times with different content
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  32. ↑ Oskinova, L. M.; Steinke, M.; Hamann, W. -R.; Sander, A.; Todt, H.; Liermann, A. (2013-12-01). "One of the most massive stars in the Galaxy may have formed in isolation". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 436 (4): 3357–3365. arXiv:1309.7651. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.436.3357O. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1817. ISSN 0035-8711.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 Crowther, P. A.; Schnurr, O.; Hirschi, R.; Yusof, N.; Parker, R. J.; Goodwin, S. P.; Kassim, H. A. (2010). "The R136 star cluster hosts several stars whose individual masses greatly exceed the accepted 150 M⊙ stellar mass limit". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 408 (2): 731–751. arXiv:1007.3284. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.408..731C. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17167.x. S2CID 53001712. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "crowther" defined multiple times with different content
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 34.4 34.5 34.6 34.7 34.8 Melena, Nicholas W.; Massey, Philip; Morrell, Nidia I.; Zangari, Amanda M. (2008). "The Massive Star Content of NGC 3603". The Astronomical Journal. 135 (3): 878–891. arXiv:0712.2621. Bibcode:2008AJ....135..878M. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/135/3/878. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 16765414.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Shenar, T.; Sana, H.; Marchant, P.; Pablo, B.; Richardson, N.; Moffat, A. F. J.; Reeth, T. Van; Barbá, R. H.; Bowman, D. M.; Broos, P.; Crowther, P. A.; Clark, J. S.; Koter, A. de; Mink, S. E. de; Dsilva, K. (2021-06-01). "The Tarantula Massive Binary Monitoring - V. R 144: a wind-eclipsing binary with a total mass ≳140 M⊙". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 650: A147. arXiv:2104.03323. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140693. ISSN 0004-6361.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Tehrani, Katie A.; Crowther, Paul A.; Bestenlehner, Joachim M.; Littlefair, Stuart P.; Pollock, A M T.; Parker, Richard J.; Schnurr, Olivier (2019). "Weighing Melnick 34: The most massive binary system known". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 484 (2): 2692–2710. arXiv:1901.04769. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.484.2692T. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz147. S2CID 119069481.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 37.4 Liermann, A.; Hamann, W. -R.; Oskinova, L. M.; Todt, H.; Butler, K. (2010). "The Quintuplet cluster". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 524: A82. arXiv:1011.5796. Bibcode:2010A&A...524A..82L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912612. S2CID 30091594. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "quintuplet" defined multiple times with different content
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Schild, H.; Testor, G. (March 1992). "Spectral types and UBV magnitudes of stars in the 30 Doradus complex". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 92: 729–748. Bibcode:1992A&AS...92..729S. S2CID 115371295.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Sholukhova, O.; Bizyaev, D.; Fabrika, S.; Sarkisyan, A.; Malanushenko, V.; Valeev, A. (2014). "New Luminous Blue Variables in the Andromeda galaxy". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 447 (3): 2459–2467. arXiv:1412.5319. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.447.2459S. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2597. S2CID 118374186. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "m31" defined multiple times with different content
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  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 41.4 41.5 Bonanos, A. Z.; Massa, D. L.; Sewilo, M.; Lennon, D. J.; Panagia, N.; Smith, L. J.; Meixner, M.; Babler, B. L.; Bracker, S.; Meade, M. R.; Gordon, K. D. (2009-10-01). "Spitzersage Infrared Photometry of Massive Stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud". The Astronomical Journal. 138 (4): 1003–1021. arXiv:0905.1328. Bibcode:2009AJ....138.1003B. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/138/4/1003. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 14056495.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 42.4 Massey, P.; Degioia-Eastwood, K.; Waterhouse, E. (2001). "The Progenitor Masses of Wolf-Rayet Stars and Luminous Blue Variables Determined from Cluster Turnoffs. II. Results from 12 Galactic Clusters and OB Associations". The Astronomical Journal. 121 (2): 1050–1070. arXiv:astro-ph/0010654. Bibcode:2001AJ....121.1050M. doi:10.1086/318769. S2CID 53345173. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Massey et al. 2001" defined multiple times with different content
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  45. ↑ 45.00 45.01 45.02 45.03 45.04 45.05 45.06 45.07 45.08 45.09 45.10 Brands, S.; de Koter, A.; Bestenlehner, J.; Crowther, P.; Sundqvist, J.; Puls, J.; Caballero-Nieves, S.; Abdul-Masih, M.; Driessen, F.; Garcia, M.; Geen, S.; Gräfener, G.; Hawcroft, C.; Kaper, L.; Keszthelyi, Z.; Langer, N.; Sana, H.; Schneider, Fabian R. N.; Shenar, T.; Vink, Jorick S. (7 April 2022). "The R136 star cluster dissected with Hubble Space Telescope/STIS. III. The most massive stars and their clumped winds". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 663: A36. arXiv:2202.11080. Bibcode:2022A&A...663A..36B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142742. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 247025548.
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  137. ↑ Lutz, T. E.; Lutz, J. H. (June 1977), "Spectral classification and UBV photometry of bright visual double stars", Astronomical Journal, 82: 431–434, Bibcode:1977AJ.....82..431L, doi:10.1086/112066
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  139. ↑ Hubrig, S.; et al. (June 2006), "Discovery of magnetic fields in the βCephei star ξ1 CMa and in several slowly pulsating B stars*", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 369 (1): L61–L65, arXiv:astro-ph/0604283, Bibcode:2006MNRAS.369L..61H, doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2006.00175.x, S2CID 18201908
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  143. ↑ Ducati, J. R. (2002). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2237. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D. S2CID 118191108.
  144. ↑ Nicolet, B. (October 1978). "Catalogue of homogeneous data in the UBV photoelectric photometric system". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 34: 1–49. Bibcode:1978A&AS...34....1N.
  145. ↑ Pillitteri, I.; Fossati, L.; Castro Rodriguez, N.; Oskinova, L.; Wolk, S. J. (2018). "Detection of magnetic field in the B2 star ρ Ophiuchi A with ESO FORS2". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 610: L3. arXiv:1712.00728. Bibcode:2018A&A...610L...3P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732078. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 119395824.
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  147. ↑ Kudritzki, R. P.; Reimers, D. (1978). "On the absolute scale of mass-loss in red giants. II. Circumstellar absorption lines in the spectrum of alpha Sco B and mass-loss of alpha Sco A". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 70: 227. Bibcode:1978A&A....70..227K.
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  151. ↑ Fernie, J. D. (May 1983), "New UBVRI photometry for 900 supergiants", Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 52: 7–22, Bibcode:1983ApJS...52....7F, doi:10.1086/190856.
  152. ↑ Feinstein, A.; Marraco, H. G. (November 1979), "The photometric behavior of Be Stars", Astronomical Journal, 84: 1713–1725, Bibcode:1979AJ.....84.1713F, doi:10.1086/112600.
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  155. ↑ North, P. (1998). "Do SI stars undergo any rotational braking?". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 334: 181–87. arXiv:astro-ph/9802286. Bibcode:1998A&A...334..181N.
  156. ↑ Fang, M.; et al. (January 2013), "Young stars in ɛ Chamaleontis and their disks: disk evolution in sparse associations", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 549: 17, arXiv:1209.5832, Bibcode:2013A&A...549A..15F, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118528, S2CID 118332644, A15.
  157. ↑ Zorec, J.; Royer, F. (2012). "Rotational velocities of A-type stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 537: A120. arXiv:1201.2052. Bibcode:2012A&A...537A.120Z. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117691. S2CID 55586789. Vizier catalog entry
  158. ↑ Corben, P. M.; Stoy, R. H. (1968), "Photoelectric Magnitudes and Colours for Bright Southern Stars", Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of Southern Africa, 27: 11, Bibcode:1968MNSSA..27...11C.
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  160. ↑ Prša, Andrej; Harmanec, Petr; Torres, Guillermo; Mamajek, Eric; Asplund, Martin; Capitaine, Nicole; Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen; Depagne, Éric; Haberreiter, Margit; Hekker, Saskia; Hilton, James; Kopp, Greg; Kostov, Veselin; Kurtz, Donald W.; Laskar, Jacques; Mason, Brian D.; Milone, Eugene F.; Montgomery, Michele; Richards, Mercedes; Schmutz, Werner; Schou, Jesper; Stewart, Susan G. (2016). "Nominal Values for Selected Solar and Planetary Quantities: IAU 2015 Resolution B3". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (2): 41. arXiv:1605.09788. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...41P. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/41. hdl:1885/108637. S2CID 55319250.
  161. ↑ Luzum, Brian; Capitaine, Nicole; Fienga, Agnès; Folkner, William; Fukushima, Toshio; Hilton, James; Hohenkerk, Catherine; Krasinsky, George; Petit, Gérard; Pitjeva, Elena; Soffel, Michael (August 2011). "The IAU 2009 system of astronomical constants: the report of the IAU working group on numerical standards for Fundamental Astronomy". Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy. 110 (4): 293–304. Bibcode:2011CeMDA.110..293L. doi:10.1007/s10569-011-9352-4. ISSN 0923-2958.
  162. ↑ Bessell, M.S.; Castelli, F.; Plez, B. (1998). "Model atmospheres broad-band colors, bolometric corrections and temperature calibrations for O–M stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 333: 231–250. Bibcode:1998A&A...333..231B.

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