Loner

A loner refers to someone avoiding or having difficulty keeping interpersonal relationships.

Causes

Psychiatrists have proposed several reasons for someone being a loner, including but not limited to religion, introversion and spirituality.^[1]^[2]

Features

Loners reportedly act in the following ways:^[3]

Prefer to be alone
Limit time spent with others
Feel being rejected by society

It is said that not all loners are the same.^[4] Some loners reportedly feel lonely when they have spent too much time alone,^[4] possibly due to racism, classism or ableism.^[4] Some reportedly never feel lonely,^[4] while some enjoy being alone only when doing their work.^[4]

Stereotypes

Loners are often equated with introverts and seen negatively.^[5]^[6] The overlap of loner's features with symptoms of some mental disorders reinforces bias against loners.^[5]^[6] Some loners are said to be suffering from alexithymia (poor ability to identify and describe emotions),^[7]or social anxiety, borderline personality disorder (BPD), avoidant personality disorder (APD), depression, autism, schizoid personality disorder alike.^[7] Loners may have multiple of such disorders at the same time.^[7] In Nazi-occupied territories, those with traits of loners were seen as Untermensch ("subhuman") and subject to genocide, which happened along with the Holocaust,^[8]^[9] where at least 6,000,000 Jews (67% of pre-war European Jews) were killed.^[8]^[9]

Related pages

References

↑ "Neighbours describe bomb suspect as devout loner". The Times. 26 July 2005. Retrieved 30 October 2018.(subscription required)
↑ "Review of Losers, Loners, and Rebels". Foreword Reviews. 8 August 2007. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
↑ "Loners Vs. Loneliness". The New York Sun. Archived from the original on 27 February 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Berry, John (1997). Handbook of Cross-cultural Psychology: Social behavior and applications. p. 468.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Svoboda, Elizabeth (March–April 2007). "Field Guide to the Loner: The Real Insiders". Psychology Today Magazine.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Hojat, Mohammadreza (May 1983). "Comparison of transitory and chronic loners on selected personality variables". British Journal of Psychology. 74 (2): 199–203. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1983.tb01855.x. PMID 6883012.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Taylor, Graeme J. "Alexithymia: concept, measurement, and implications for treatment." The American Journal of Psychiatry (1984).
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1
- Polonsky, Antony (1989). "Polish-Jewish relations and the Holocaust". Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry. 4: 226–242. doi:10.3828/polin.1989.4.226. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
- Bauer, Yehuda; Rozett, Robert (1990). "Appendix". In Gutman, Israel (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Holocaust. New York: Macmillan Library Reference. pp. 1797–1802. ISBN 978-0-02-896090-6.
- Shapiro, P.A. (2007). "Faith, murder, resurrection: The Iron Guard and the Romanian Orthodox Church". Antisemitism, Christian Ambivalence, and the Holocaust. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253116741. OCLC 191071016. Retrieved November 4, 2024.
- Laqueur, Walter (July 30, 2009). "Towards the Holocaust". The Changing Face of Antisemitism: From Ancient Times to the Present Day. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 9780195341218. Retrieved November 3, 2024.
- "Deportation of Hungarian Jews". Timeline of Events. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on 25 November 2017. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
- Brosnan, Matt (12 June 2018). "What Was The Holocaust?". Imperial War Museum. Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- "36 Questions About the Holocaust". Museum of Tolerance, Los Angeles. Retrieved 2024-10-14.
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1
- Benz, Wolfgang (1996). Dimension des Volkermords. Die Zahl der judischen Opfer des Nationalsozialismus (in German). Dtv. pp. 145 ff. ISBN 978-3-423-04690-9.
- "Murder of the Jews of Poland". Yad Vashem. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
- "POLISH VICTIMS". Holocaust Encyclopedia. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
- Waltman, Michael; Haas, John (2010). The Communication of Hate. Peter Lang. p. 52. ISBN 978-1433104473.
- Grabowski, Jan; Klein, Shira (February 9, 2023). "Wikipedia's Intentional Distortion of the History of the Holocaust". The Journal of Holocaust Research. 37 (2): 133–190. doi:10.1080/25785648.2023.2168939. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
- "Unter der NS-Herrschaft ermordete Juden nach Land. / Jews by country murdered under Nazi rule". Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung / Federal Agency for Civic Education (Germany). April 29, 2018.

[1] "Neighbours describe bomb suspect as devout loner". The Times. 26 July 2005. Retrieved 30 October 2018.(subscription required)

[2] "Review of Losers, Loners, and Rebels". Foreword Reviews. 8 August 2007. Retrieved 30 October 2018.

[3] "Loners Vs. Loneliness". The New York Sun. Archived from the original on 27 February 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2018.

[L1-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Berry, John (1997). Handbook of Cross-cultural Psychology: Social behavior and applications. p. 468.

[L2-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Svoboda, Elizabeth (March–April 2007). "Field Guide to the Loner: The Real Insiders". Psychology Today Magazine.

[L4-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Hojat, Mohammadreza (May 1983). "Comparison of transitory and chronic loners on selected personality variables". British Journal of Psychology. 74 (2): 199–203. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1983.tb01855.x. PMID 6883012.

[L3-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Taylor, Graeme J. "Alexithymia: concept, measurement, and implications for treatment." The American Journal of Psychiatry (1984).

[D-8] 8.0 ^8.1
Polonsky, Antony (1989). "Polish-Jewish relations and the Holocaust". Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry. 4: 226–242. doi:10.3828/polin.1989.4.226. Retrieved October 16, 2024.

Bauer, Yehuda; Rozett, Robert (1990). "Appendix". In Gutman, Israel (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Holocaust. New York: Macmillan Library Reference. pp. 1797–1802. ISBN 978-0-02-896090-6.

Shapiro, P.A. (2007). "Faith, murder, resurrection: The Iron Guard and the Romanian Orthodox Church". Antisemitism, Christian Ambivalence, and the Holocaust. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253116741. OCLC 191071016. Retrieved November 4, 2024.

Laqueur, Walter (July 30, 2009). "Towards the Holocaust". The Changing Face of Antisemitism: From Ancient Times to the Present Day. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 9780195341218. Retrieved November 3, 2024.

"Deportation of Hungarian Jews". Timeline of Events. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on 25 November 2017. Retrieved 6 October 2017.

Brosnan, Matt (12 June 2018). "What Was The Holocaust?". Imperial War Museum. Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.

"36 Questions About the Holocaust". Museum of Tolerance, Los Angeles. Retrieved 2024-10-14.

[9] Polonsky, Antony (1989). "Polish-Jewish relations and the Holocaust". Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry. 4: 226–242. doi:10.3828/polin.1989.4.226. Retrieved October 16, 2024.

[10] Bauer, Yehuda; Rozett, Robert (1990). "Appendix". In Gutman, Israel (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Holocaust. New York: Macmillan Library Reference. pp. 1797–1802. ISBN 978-0-02-896090-6.

[11] Shapiro, P.A. (2007). "Faith, murder, resurrection: The Iron Guard and the Romanian Orthodox Church". Antisemitism, Christian Ambivalence, and the Holocaust. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253116741. OCLC 191071016. Retrieved November 4, 2024.

[12] Laqueur, Walter (July 30, 2009). "Towards the Holocaust". The Changing Face of Antisemitism: From Ancient Times to the Present Day. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 9780195341218. Retrieved November 3, 2024.

[13] "Deportation of Hungarian Jews". Timeline of Events. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on 25 November 2017. Retrieved 6 October 2017.

[14] Brosnan, Matt (12 June 2018). "What Was The Holocaust?". Imperial War Museum. Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.

[15] "36 Questions About the Holocaust". Museum of Tolerance, Los Angeles. Retrieved 2024-10-14.

[E-9] 9.0 ^9.1
Benz, Wolfgang (1996). Dimension des Volkermords. Die Zahl der judischen Opfer des Nationalsozialismus (in German). Dtv. pp. 145 ff. ISBN 978-3-423-04690-9.

"Murder of the Jews of Poland". Yad Vashem. Retrieved October 16, 2024.

"POLISH VICTIMS". Holocaust Encyclopedia. Retrieved October 16, 2024.

Waltman, Michael; Haas, John (2010). The Communication of Hate. Peter Lang. p. 52. ISBN 978-1433104473.

Grabowski, Jan; Klein, Shira (February 9, 2023). "Wikipedia's Intentional Distortion of the History of the Holocaust". The Journal of Holocaust Research. 37 (2): 133–190. doi:10.1080/25785648.2023.2168939. Retrieved January 20, 2025.

"Unter der NS-Herrschaft ermordete Juden nach Land. / Jews by country murdered under Nazi rule". Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung / Federal Agency for Civic Education (Germany). April 29, 2018.

[17] Benz, Wolfgang (1996). Dimension des Volkermords. Die Zahl der judischen Opfer des Nationalsozialismus (in German). Dtv. pp. 145 ff. ISBN 978-3-423-04690-9.

[18] "Murder of the Jews of Poland". Yad Vashem. Retrieved October 16, 2024.

[19] "POLISH VICTIMS". Holocaust Encyclopedia. Retrieved October 16, 2024.

[20] Waltman, Michael; Haas, John (2010). The Communication of Hate. Peter Lang. p. 52. ISBN 978-1433104473.

[21] Grabowski, Jan; Klein, Shira (February 9, 2023). "Wikipedia's Intentional Distortion of the History of the Holocaust". The Journal of Holocaust Research. 37 (2): 133–190. doi:10.1080/25785648.2023.2168939. Retrieved January 20, 2025.

[22] "Unter der NS-Herrschaft ermordete Juden nach Land. / Jews by country murdered under Nazi rule". Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung / Federal Agency for Civic Education (Germany). April 29, 2018.

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