Madhvacharya
Madhvacharya | |
|---|---|
 Shri Madhvacharya's idol at his birthplace Pajaka, Udupi | |
| Personal life | |
| Born | Vāsudeva c. 1199 (or 1238)[1] |
| Died | c. 1278 (or 1317) |
| Honors | Pūrṇa-prajña Jagadguru |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Hinduism |
| Order | Vedanta |
| Founder of | Udupi Sri Krishna Matha |
| Philosophy | Tattvavada (Which later popularly came be known as Dvaita Vedanta) |
| Religious career | |
| Guru | Achyuta-preksha[3] |
Madhvacharya (IAST: Madhvācārya; sa; 1199–1278 CE[5] or 1238–1317 CE[6]) was an Indian philosopher and theologian (person who studies theology). He was also called Purna Prajna (IAST: Pūrṇa-Prajña) and Ānanda Tīrtha. He believed in the Dvaita (dualism) school of Vedanta.[1][7] Madhva called his opinions Tattvavāda.This word means "arguments from a realism viewpoint".[7]
Madhvacharya was born at Pajaka near Udupi in 13th-century India.[8] He became a Sanyasi (monk) when he was a teenager. When he became a monk, he joined the Brahma-sampradaya guru Achyutapreksha, of the Ekadandi order.[1][3] Madhva studied Hindu philosophy. He also wrote commentaries (opinion pieces) about the Principal Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita and the Brahma Sutras (Prasthanatrayi).[1] He wrote 37 works that were written in the Sanskrit language.[9] He was known to use very specific words. He did not use many words, either. His greatest work is thought to be the Anuvyakhyana. This work was written with poetic structure.[8] In some of his works, he said that he was an avatar the Hindu god Vayu.[10][11]
Madhvacharya criticized Adi Shankara's Advaita Vedanta and Ramanuja's Vishishtadvaita Vedanta teachings.[7][8] He went through India many times. He would have debates and visit Hindu learning places.[9] Madhva created the Krishna Mutt at Udupi with a murti created from Dwarka Gujarat in 1285 CE.[8]
Madhvacharya taught that there is a difference between the self (Atman) and reality (Brahman). He said that the self is dependent on the reality.[7] His teachings disagreed with the monist[12] teachings of the other schools of Vedanta.[7][13] Madhvaharya said that liberation is only possible through God.[7] Madhvacharya's Dvaita school influenced Vaishnavism. It also supported the Bhakti movement in medieval India. The Dvaita school is one of the three important Vedānta philosophies.[8][14][15]
References
[change | change source]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Sharma 1962, p. xv.
- ↑ Bryant 2007, p. 357.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Sheridan 1991, p. 117.
- ↑ Bryant 2007, p. 361.
- ↑ "Madhva | Hindu philosopher | Britannica". Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
- ↑ Sharma 2000, p. 103.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Stoker 2011.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Sharma 1962, pp. xv–xvii.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Sharma 1962, p. xv–xvi.
- ↑ Sarma 2000, p. 20 with footnotes 3 and 4.
- ↑ Sabapathy Kulandran and Hendrik Kraemer (2004), Grace in Christianity and Hinduism, James Clarke, ISBN 978-0227172360, pages 177–179
- ↑ Sharma 1962, pp. 36–37.
- ↑ Bryant 2007, pp. 315, 358–361.
- ↑ Bryant 2007, pp. 12–13, 359–361.
- ↑ Stafford Betty (2010), Dvaita, Advaita, and Viśiṣṭādvaita: Contrasting Views of Mokṣa, Asian Philosophy: An International Journal of the Philosophical Traditions of the East, Volume 20, Issue 2, pages 215–224
Sources
[change | change source]- Dehsen, Christian von (1999). Philosophers and Religious Leaders. Routledge. ISBN 978-1573561525.
- Bryant, Edwin (2007). Krishna : A Sourcebook (Chapter 15 by Deepak Sarma). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195148923.
- Jones, Constance; Ryan, James D. (2006), Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Infobase, ISBN 9780816075645, archived from the original on 20 October 2022, retrieved 3 February 2016
- Sharma, B. N. Krishnamurti (1962). Philosophy of Śrī Madhvācārya. Motilal Banarsidass (2014 Reprint). ISBN 978-8120800687.
- Sharma, B. N. Krishnamurti (2000). A History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature, 3rd Edition. Motilal Banarsidass (2008 Reprint). ISBN 978-8120815759. Archived from the original on 23 December 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
- Sharma, Chandradhar (1994). A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0365-7.
- Sarma, Deepak (2000). "Is Jesus a Hindu? S.C. Vasu and Multiple Madhva Misrepresentations". Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies. 13. doi:10.7825/2164-6279.1228.
- Sheridan, Daniel (1991). Texts in Context: Traditional Hermeneutics in South Asia (Editor: Jeffrey Timm). State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0791407967.
- Stoker, Valerie (2011). "Madhva (1238–1317)". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
Further reading
[change | change source]- Flood, Gavin (2003). The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 251. ISBN 978-0-631-21535-6.
- Goswami, S.D. (1976). Readings in Vedic Literature: The Tradition Speaks for Itself. S.l.: Assoc Publishing Group. pp. 240 pages. ISBN 978-0-912776-88-0.
- Padmanabhachar, C.M. The Life and Teachings of Sri Madhvacharya (PDF). Retrieved 28 July 2011.
- Sarma, Deepak (2005). Epistemologies and the Limitations of Philosophical Inquiry: Doctrine in Madhva Vedanta. Routledge. ISBN 9780415308052.
- Tapasyananda (1991). Bhakti Schools of Vedanta. Madras (Chennai): Sri Ramakrishna Math. ISBN 978-81-7120-226-3.
Other websites
[change | change source]
- Works by or about Madhvacharya at Internet Archive
- Bibliography of Madhvacharya's works, Item 751 Archived 2021-11-13 at the Wayback Machine, Karl Potter, University of Washington
- "Madhva" article in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- Madhvacharya at Encyclopædia Britannica
- A Note on the date of Madhvacharya Archived 2020-07-17 at the Wayback Machine by S. Srikanta Sastri
- Sri Yantrodharaka Hanuman Stotram by Sri Vyasa Rajaru
- Discussion on quotations and interpretations by Madhvacharya. https://gosai.com/writings/the-divinity-of-sri-caitanya-mahaprabhu-0
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