Mesa Verde National Park

Mesa Verde=northeast
IUCN category II (national park)
Location	Montezuma County, Colorado, United States, North America
Nearest city	Mancos, Colorado
Coordinates	37°11′02″N 108°29′19″W
Area	52,485 acres (212.40 km2)
Established	June 29, 1906 (1906-06-29)
Visitors	613,788 (in 2017)
Governing body	National Park Service
Website	Mesa Verde National Park
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Type	Cultural
Criteria	iii
Designated	1978 (2nd session)
Reference no.	27
State Party	United States
Region	Europe and North America
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Designated	October 15, 1966
Reference no.	66000251

Mesa Verde National Park is a United States National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is in Montezuma County, Colorado, United States. The park was created in 1906 to protect some of the best preserved cliff dwellings in the world. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The park occupies 81.4 square miles (211 square kilometers) near the Four Corners and features ruins of homes and villages built by the ancestral Puebloan people, sometimes called the Anasazi. The ancestral Puebloans made these stone villages their home in the 13th century. However, the first ancestral Puebloans had settled in Mesa Verde over 600 years before the cliff dwellings were ever built.

These first people are known as the Basketmakers and they lived in pithouses clustered into small villages usually built on mesa tops but sometimes in the overhangs of the cliffs. These hunter-gatherer people settled and began farming and using the bow and arrow, a weapon that was more efficient and accurate than the atlatl. By 750 AD, the people were building mesa-top villages made of adobe. By the late 12th century they began to build the cliff dwellings for which Mesa Verde is famous.

Mesa Verde is best known for cliff dwellings, which are structures built within caves and under outcropping in cliffs — including Cliff Palace, which is thought to be the largest cliff dwelling in North America. The Spanish term Mesa Verde translates into English as "green table". Approximately 600 of the over 4700 archeological sites found in Mesa Verde National Park are cliff dwellings.

Geography

Mesa Verde National Park is in the south-western corner of the state of Colorado.

Elevations in the park range from about 6,100 to 8,400 feet (1,900 to 2,600 m). The terrain is dominated by ridges and valleys running roughly north and south. The northernmost point is 21.2 kilometers(13.2 miles) farther north than the southernmost.

History

Although explorers from Spain went through the general region in the 18th century, actual sight of the cliffs dwellings by outsiders seems to have first occurred in the latter half of the 19th century.

The fame of Mesa Verde soon began to spread thanks to the Wetherill ranchers and the archeological work of Gustaf Nordenskiöld. Vandalism led to President Teddy Roosevelt's support of protecting the area as a national park in 1906.

Related pages

• List of World Heritage Sites in the United States

Other websites

Media related to Mesa Verde National Park at Wikimedia Commons