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National symbols of India

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The modern Republic of India (Hindi: भारत की स्वतंत्रता); has several official National symbols including a historical document, a flag, an emblem, an anthem, a memorial tower, as well as several national heroes, etc. All the symbols were picked up at various times. The design of the national flag was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly just 21 days before Independence, on the 24th of July in 1947. There are also several other patriotic symbols including the national mammal, bird, fruit, flower, tree, etc. These have all been selected carefully to project the image of to reflect Indian culture and beliefs and also the positive tributes often associated with Indian traditions respectively.

Other Indian National and Official symbols

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"भारत गणराज्य - Republic of India".

The Name of the Country

Religions of India is characterised by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices. Republic of India is officially a Secular state and has no "State religion". The Indian subcontinent is the birthplace of four of the world's major religions; namely Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism.[1]

— Durga Das Basu, Introduction to the Constitution of India, page 124
Symbol Name Image References
National personification Bharatmata [2]
National flag Flag of India [3]
National emblem Coat of Arms of India [4]
National motto Satyameva Jayate [5]
Father of the Nation Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi [6]
Mother of the Nation Sarojini Naidu [7]
National patron saint Sai Baba of Shirdi [8]
National hero Bal Gangadhar Tilak [9]
National poet Rabindranath Tagore [10][11][12]
National anthem Jana Gana Mana [13]
National song Sare Jahan se Accha [14]
National slogan Vande Mataram [15]
National War Cry Jai Hind [16][17][18]
National days Independence Day (India)
Republic Day (India) 		[19]
National language Hindi
Indian English
[20][21]
Official language Languages of India
See the main article: Languages of India
 		[22]
National Map Map of India [23]
National deity Shiva [24][25]
National weapon Trishula
National epic Mahabharata [26][27]
Religious symbol Ashoka Chakra
Religion in India
[28]
National book Bhagavad Gita [29]
National colours Saffron, White, Green (national flag)    

Sky blue (sports)  
National passport Indian passport
National airline Air India [30]
National currency Indian rupee [31]
National dresses Sari, Dhoti
[32][33]
National movie studio Bollywood [34][35]
National calendar Indian national calendar [36]
National flower Indian Lotus
National tree Banyan tree [37]
National fruit Mango [38][39]
National vegetable Indian pumpkin [40]
National dish Khichdi [41]
National spice Turmeric
National crop Rice [42]
National beverage Lassi [43]
National confectionery Laddu [44][45]
National pets Indian spitz
Blue-winged parakeet
[46]
National dove Asian emerald dove
Jacobin pigeon
[47][48]
National horse breed Marwari horse

National donkey breed Halari Donkey
National chicken breed Kadaknath [49]
National cattle breed Nagpuri (buffalo)

Brahman cattle

National goat breed Magra sheep

Jamnapari goat



[50][51]
National dog breed Indian pariah dog
National mammal Indian elephant [52][53][54]
National bird Blue peafowl
[46]
National marine mammal South Asian river dolphin [55]
National social mammal Langur [56]
National bird of prey Brahminy kite [46]
National mammal of prey Asiatic lion [46]
National big cat Bengal tiger [46]
National aquatic bird Sarus crane [57][58]
National reptile King cobra [46]
National butterfly Kaiser-i-Hind [59][60]
National fish Indian mackerel
National amphibians Himalayan newt

Purple frog


[46]
National insect Giant forest scorpion [46]
National oceanic animals Whale shark Indian Ocean humpback dolphin
National microorganism Lactobacillus bulgaricus [61]
National fossil Asian Straight-tusked Elephant [62]
National wild pig Indian boar [63]
National river Ganga river [64]
National mountain Nanda Devi [65]
National lake Lake Nakki [66]
National mineral Iron ore [67]
National gemstone Blue Sapphire [68]
National sport Field hockey [69]
National dance Bharata Natyam [70][71][72][71]
National instrument Veena [73]
National fort Red Fort [74]
Cultural heritage Elephanta Caves [75]
National shrine Ajmer Sharif Dargah [76]
Cultural heritage Taj Mahal [77]
National shrine Swaminarayan Akshardham (Delhi) [78][79]
National shrine Palitana Jain Temples [80][81]
National shrine Mahabodhi Temple [82]
National shrine Golden Temple [83]
National mosque of India Jama Masjid, Delhi
National park Janeshwar Mishra Park
National memorial Gandhi Smriti [84]
National stadium Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Delhi)
National monument India Gate [85]
National library National Library of India [86][87][88]
National museum National Museum of India [89]
National passageway Gateway of India [90]
National beating retreat or flags lowering ceremony Joint-drill parade [91]
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References

[change | change source]
  1. ↑ Basu, Durga Das (2013). Introduction to the Constitution of India (21 ed.). LexisNexis. p. 124. ISBN 978-81-8038-918-4.
  2. ↑ Bharat Mata's third temple will be built in Kurukshetra, 5 acres of land will be near Jyotisar
  3. ↑ "Flag Code of India, 2002". Press Information Bureau. Government of India. 3 April 2002. Archived from the original on 20 May 2015. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  4. ↑ "State Emblem". Know India. Government of India. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  5. ↑ "Hindus laud Mick Jagger for singing in Sanskrit - Times Of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 2011-08-12. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  6. ↑ Nehru, Jawaharlal. An Autobiography. Bodley Head.
  7. ↑ Augestine, Seline (17 June 2017). "Nightingale of India". The Hindu. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
  8. ↑ The Illustrated Weekly of India. Published for the proprietors, Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press. 1981.
  9. ↑ What is Swaraj? Archived 2012-09-15 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on July 12, 2007.
  10. ↑ de Silva, K. M.; Wriggins, Howard (1988). J.R. Jayewardene of Sri Lanka: a Political Biography – Volume One: The First Fifty Years. University of Hawaii Press. p. 368. ISBN 978-0-8248-1183-9.
  11. ↑ "Man of the series: Nobel laureate Tagore". The Times of India. Times News Network. 3 April 2011.
  12. ↑ "How Tagore inspired Sri Lanka's national anthem". IBN Live. 8 May 2012. Archived from the original on 10 May 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  13. ↑ "Tagore and Jana Gana Mana". Monish R. Chatterjee.
  14. ↑ "Saare Jahan Se Accha: Facts about the song and its creator". India Today. 21 April 2016. Archived from the original on 23 January 2017. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  15. ↑ "Vande Mataram". Bankim Chandra Chatterjee.
  16. ↑ Singh, Sarina (2009). Lonely Planet India (13, illustrated ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 276. ISBN 978-1-74179-151-8.
  17. ↑ Forbes, Duncan (1958). A Dictionary, Hindustani & English: Accompanied by a Reversed Dictionary, English and Hindustani. W.H. Allen and Company. p. 307.
  18. ↑ Monier Monier-Williams. "jaya (जय)". Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary 1899 (Updated 2009). Harvard University Press.
  19. ↑ "India Celebrates 63rd Republic Day". Efi-news.com. Eastern Fare. 26 January 2012. Archived from the original on 15 May 2012.
  20. ↑ Khan, Saeed (25 January 2010). "There's no national language in India: Gujarat High Court". The Times of India. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
  21. ↑ Press Trust of India (25 January 2010). "Hindi, not a national language: Court". The Hindu. Ahmedabad. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  22. ↑ "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
  23. ↑ On 250th birthday, Survey of India wants to shed its cloak of secrecy, Indian Express.
  24. ↑ Flood 1996, pp. 17, 153
  25. ↑ Sivaraman, K. (1973). Saivism in Philosophical Perspective: A Study of the Formative Concepts, Problems, and Methods of Saiva Siddhanta. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 131. ISBN 978-81-208-1771-5.
  26. ↑ Lochtefeld, James G. (2002). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 399. ISBN 978-0-8239-3179-8.
  27. ↑ Sharma, T.R.S.; Seshdri, C.K.; Gaur, June (2000). Ancient Indian Literature: An Anthology. Sahitya Akademi. p. 137. ISBN 978-81-260-0794-3.
  28. ↑ "Untitled Document". Retrieved 20 July 2016.
  29. ↑ "Bhagavad Gita- manual of life". ISKCON Desire Tree | IDT. 2017-03-27. Retrieved 2020-11-05.
  30. ↑ "Flying low; India's flag carrier is in big trouble". The Economist. 21 July 2012. Archived from the original on 23 June 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  31. ↑ "Don't take 1,000 and 500 Indian rupee notes to Nepal". Rib staff studies. Archived from the original on 27 October 2014. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
  32. ↑ Anita Rao Kashi. "How to Wear a Sari in India". World Hum. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
  33. ↑ Indian clothes - Traditional Indian Dhoti, Dhoti Kurta, How to Wear a Dhoti, How to Tie Dhoti
  34. ↑ "'The word B'wood is derogatory'". The Indian Express. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
  35. ↑ Richard Corliss (16 September 1996). "Hooray for Bollywood!". Time. Archived from the original on 11 July 2008. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  36. ↑ Meghnad Saha Archived 2015-02-23 at the Wayback Machine
  37. ↑ "National Tree". Govt. of India Official website. Archived from the original on 2020-01-19. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
  38. ↑ "Jackfruit, Breadfruit & Relatives". Know & Enjoy Tropical Fruit. 2012. Retrieved 2012-11-23.
  39. ↑ "National Fruit". Govt. of India Official website. Archived from the original on 2020-01-19. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
  40. ↑ "National Vegetable". Govt. of India Official website. Archived from the original on 2020-01-19. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
  41. ↑ "National Dish". Govt. of India Official website. Archived from the original on 2020-01-19. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
  42. ↑ "National Crop". Govt. of India Official website. Archived from the original on 2020-01-19. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
  43. ↑ "National Drink". Govt. of India Official website. Archived from the original on 2020-01-19. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
  44. ↑ "Sweet shops make hay in Diwali shine". The New Indian Express. 31 October 2013. Archived from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  45. ↑ Sangeetha Devi Dundoo (31 October 2013). "As good as home". The Hindu. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 46.4 46.5 46.6 46.7 Ali, Salim; Ripley, Sidney Dillon; Dick, John Henry (1980). Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan. Vol. 2 (2 ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 123–126. ISBN 978-0-19-562063-4.
  47. ↑ Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Anderton, John C. (2012). Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide. Vol. 2: Attributes and Status (2nd ed.). Washington D.C. and Barcelona: Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History and Lynx Edicions. pp. 211–212. ISBN 978-84-96553-87-3.
  48. ↑ Seymour, Rev. Colin (Ed)(2006) Australian Fancy Pigeons National Book of Standards.
  49. ↑ "कड़कनाथ मुर्गीपालन" (in Hindi). Archived from the original on 2018-06-13. Retrieved 2019-12-30.
  50. ↑ "Sheep and goat breeds of india". Fao.org. Retrieved 2013-09-08.
  51. ↑ "2.3 Goat Breeds".
  52. ↑ Guading, Madonna (2009). The signs and symbols bible : the definitive guide to mysterious markings. New York: Sterling Pub. Co. p. 239. ISBN 978-1-4027-7004-3.
  53. ↑ Binney, Ruth (2006). Nature's Ways Lore, Legend, Fact and Fiction. F+W Media. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-7153-3393-8.
  54. ↑ "Elephant: The Animal and Its Ivory in African Culture". Fowler Museum at UCLA. Archived from the original on 30 March 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
  55. ↑ "Declaration of Gangetic Dolphin as National Aquatic Animal" (PDF). Government of India - Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. 10 May 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 February 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
  56. ↑ Lele, Jayant (1981). Tradition and Modernity in Bhakti Movements. Brill Academic. pp. 114–116. ISBN 978-90-04-06370-9.
  57. ↑ Leslie, J. (1998). "A bird bereaved: The identity and significance of Valmiki's kraunca". Journal of Indian Philosophy. 26 (5): 455–487. doi:10.1023/A:1004335910775. S2CID 169152694.
  58. ↑ Hammer, Niels (2009). "Why Sārus Cranes epitomize Karuṇarasa in the Rāmāyaṇa". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. (Third Series). 19 (2): 187–211. doi:10.1017/S1356186308009334. S2CID 145356486.
  59. ↑ Ghiradella, Helen (1991). "Light and color on the wing: structural colors in butterflies and moths". Applied Optics. 30 (24): 3492–3500. Bibcode:1991ApOpt..30.3492G. doi:10.1364/AO.30.003492. PMID 20706416.
  60. ↑ Michielsen, K.; Stavenga, D.G. (2008). "Gyroid cuticular structures in butterfly wing scales: biological photonic crystals". Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 5 (18): 85–94. doi:10.1098/rsif.2007.1065. PMC 2709202. PMID 17567555.
  61. ↑ "Education for Biodiversity Conservation CoP-11, Hyderabad". Press Information Bureau Government of India. Press Information Bureau Government of India Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. 18 October 2012. Retrieved 3 May 2019. The Minister also announced the National Microbe for India which was selected by children who had visited the Science Express Biodiversity Special, a train which has been visiting various stations across the country. Voting for the National Microbe took place in these stations and the children have selected the Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus) to be the National Microbe for India
  62. ↑ Jukar, A.M.; Lyons, S.K.; Wagner, P.J.; Uhen, M.D. (January 2021). "Late Quaternary extinctions in the Indian Subcontinent". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 562: 110137. Bibcode:2021PPP...56210137J. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.110137. S2CID 228877664.
  63. ↑ Lydekker, R. (1900), The great and small game of India, Burma, & Tibet, London : R. Ward, pp. 258-266
  64. ↑ "National River". Government of India. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  65. ↑ Garhwal-Himalaya-Ost, 1:150,000 scale topographic map, prepared in 1992 by Ernst Huber for the Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research, based on maps of the Survey of India.
  66. ↑ Vaidya, Chintaman Vinayak (2001). Epic India, Or, India as Described in the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. Asian Educational Services. p. 299. ISBN 978-81-206-1564-9.
  67. ↑ Qazi, Shabir Ahmad; Qazi, Navaid Shabir (1 January 2008). Natural Resource Conservation and Environment Management. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-313-0404-4. Retrieved 12 November 2016 – via Google Books.
  68. ↑ DuToit, Garry. "Twelve-Rayed Star Sapphire of Interest" (PDF). GIA Laboratory, Bangkok. Retrieved 2014-08-14.
  69. ↑ "National Sport". Govt. of India Official website. Archived from the original on 2020-01-19. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
  70. ↑ "National Dance". Govt. of India Official website. Archived from the original on 2020-01-19. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 Arunkumar, Anjani (1989). Compositions for Bharatanatyam: A Soulful Worship of the Divine. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
  72. ↑ McCutchen, Brenda Pugh (2006). Teaching Dance as Art in. Human Kinetics. pp. 450–452. ISBN 978-0-7360-5188-0.
  73. ↑ "National Instrument". Govt. of India Official website. Archived from the original on 2020-01-19. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
  74. ↑ PTI (15 August 2013). "Manmohan first PM outside Nehru-Gandhi clan to hoist flag for 10th time". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 21 December 2013. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
  75. ↑ Berkson, Carmel; Doniger, Wendy, eds. (1999). Elephanta: the cave of Shiva (1. Indian ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1284-0.
  76. ↑  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ajmere". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 452–453.
  77. ↑ "Taj Mahal". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
  78. ↑ Malik, Rajiv. "Pride of India Swaminarayan Akshardham opens in New Delhi with praise from India's religious, cultural and political leaders". Hinduism Today. Satguru Bodhinatha Veylanswami. Archived from the original on 23 September 2013. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
  79. ↑ "Swaminarayan Akshardham New Delhi". akshardham.com. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
  80. ↑ "Murtipujakas, Jainism", Encyclopedia of World Religions (PHILTAR), University of Cambria Archived 13 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  81. ↑ Cort, John (2010). Framing the Jina: Narratives of Icons and Idols in Jain History. Oxford University Press. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-19-538502-1.
  82. ↑ "World Heritage Day: Five must-visit sites in India". Archived from the original on 2015-08-14.
  83. ↑ Nesbitt, Eleanor (2016). Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. pp. 64–65. ISBN 978-0-19-874557-0.
  84. ↑ "Gandhi Smriti and Darshan Samiti Delhi". KahaJaun. 8 June 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
  85. ↑ "Rashtrapati Bhavan museum ready to welcome visitors: 10 key attractions". 2016-07-24.
  86. ↑ "Largest Library in India - National Library Kolkata".
  87. ↑ "Progress To Be Made In National Library, Kolkata". 16 December 2011. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  88. ↑ "Digitization of Manuscripts of the National Library of India, CDNLAO Newsletter 47". Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
  89. ↑ "About us". Archived from the original on 14 April 2010. Retrieved 18 May 2010.
  90. ↑ "Landmark Projects". www.gammonindia.com. Archived from the original on 19 February 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  91. ↑ Khaleeli, Homa (1 November 2010). "Goodbye to the ceremony of silly walks between India and Pakistan". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 November 2011.

[1]

Other websites

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  1. ↑ Berkson, Carmel; Doniger, Wendy, eds. (1999). Elephanta: The Cave of Shiva (1. Indian ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1284-0.
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