Nazi concentration camps in Norway
During World War II, Nazi Germany occupied Norway and built hundreds of concentration camps and some death camps there.
A project by Randi Bratteli and others suggested that there were 709 Nazi concentration camps in Norway.[1][2] Other estimates say there were "around 500"[3] camps.
Prison camps
[change | change source]At least c. 4 concentration camps, are thought of as death camps.[4][5]
Finnmark county
[change | change source]- Karasjok had "camp 4 Karasjok" (in German: Lager 4 Karasjok and in Norwegian: Karasjok fangeleir[6]),[7][8] that received around 400[9] prisoners.
- Høybuktmoen
- Neiden had a camp for Russian[10] and other Soviet prisoners.
- Leirpollen (Norwegian: Leirpollen fangeleir[11] (or Lerpollen -): The camp had 150 prisoners, and at least it had Soviet prisoners.[12]: 6 Also suspected members of the Persfjord groups partisans on the Varanger Peninsula, were held in the camp.[11] In 1943, 11 prisoners were killed, by being hit with one [or more] clubs.[11]
- Storskog[11]
- Tofte also known as Jarfjordbotn[11]
- Kirkenes: The camp had Soviet prisoners, at least.[12]: 6
- Kjelmøy: The camp had 80 prisoners, and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 6
- Oksbåsen: The camp had 20 prisoners, and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 6
- Tårnet, Jarfjord: The camp had around 100 prisoners, and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 6
- Grense Jakobselv: The camp had 100 prisoners, and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 6
There were prison camps for teachers (from Norway):
Troms county
[change | change source]- Bardufoss
- Krøkebærsletta
- Kvænangen: The prison camp there, was made up of the two prison camps, Veidal and Badderen, that also was known as Veiskaret.[11])
- Sydspissen
- Skorpa fangeleir
Storfjord municipality
[change | change source]- Gastein camp, had Russians [and other Soviet prisoners][13]
- Mallnitz camp in Norddalen, had Russians [and other Soviet prisoners]; It is sometimes called a death camp.[14][15][13]
Nordland county
[change | change source]- Beisfjord had "camp one Beisfjord" (in German: Lager I Beisfjord; in Norwegian: Beisfjord fangeleir)
- Jernvann - on Bjørnfjell (a mountain) was a camp, that was ruled by "camp one Beisfjord".[8]
- Elsfjord had "camp two Elsfjord" (in German: Lager 2 Elsfjord;[8] in Norwegian: Elsfjord fangeleir).
- Setså: The camp had had 475 prisoners in May 1945,[16] and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 8
- Stamnes: The camp had had 549 prisoners in May 1945,[16] and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 8
- Botn prison camp (Norw: Botn fangeleir)[17] The camp had had Yugoslavian prisoners at first. The 466 prisoners in May 1945,[16] were from Soviet.[12]: 8
- Saltnes
- Rognan had "camp three Rognan" (in German: Lager 3 Rognan;[8] in Norwegian: Elsfjord fangeleir). The camp had had Yugoslavian prisoners at first. The camp had had 256 prisoners in May 1945,[16] and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 8
- Bakken[18]
- Sundby: The camp had had 500 prisoners in May 1945,[16] and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 8
- Brenne: The camp had had 118 prisoners in May 1945,[16] and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 8
- Pothus[16] (or Potshus): The camp had had 749 prisoners in May 1945,[16] and it had Yugoslavian prisoners - at least.[12]: 8 Its location was West of Saltdalselva, about 1 kilometer South of the bridge at Røkland".[19]
- Russånes: The camp had had 291 prisoners in May 1945,[16] and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 8
- Langånes: The camp had had 800 prisoners in May 1945,[16] and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 8
- Berghulnes: The camp had had 915 prisoners in May 1945,[16] and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 8
- Rødelva [or Rotelva ]: The camp had had 550 prisoners in May 1945,[16] and it had Polish prisoners - at least.550 [20]
- Kjemåga: The camp had had 915 prisoners in May 1945,[16] and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 8
- Lønsdalsbrua[16] in Lønsdalen (eller Lønsdal[12]: 8 ): The camp had had 268 prisoners in May 1945,[16] and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 8
- Krokelva: The camp had had 790 prisoners in May 1945,[16] and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 8
- Bjørnelv prison camp (Norw: Bjørnelv fangeleir)[18][21][22]
- "polar circle prison camp" (German: Lager Polarcirkel): The camp had had 776 prisoners in May 1945;[16]
- Bolna: The camp had had 539 prisoners in May 1945;[16]
- Randalsvolden: The camp had had 523 prisoners in May 1945,[16] and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 8
- Andfjell: The camp had had 509 prisoners in May 1945;[16]
- Nabbvollen[23] (or Nabbvolden): The camp had had 436 prisoners in May 1945;[16]
- Hjertåsen (or Hjartåsen[23]): The prison camp had had 922 prisoners in May 1945;[16]
- Dunderland (concentration camp) (Norw: Dunderland fangeleir), in Rana:[24] The prison camp had had 481 prisoners in May 1945;[16]
- Skonseng: The prison camp had had 211 prisoners in May 1945;[16]
- Eiteråsen: The prison camp had had 348 prisoners in May 1945;[16]
- Mo i Rana: The prison camp had had 476 prisoners in May 1945;[16]
- Hattfjelldal: The prison camp had had 158 prisoners in May 1945;[16]
- Korgen. The prison camp was ruled by "prison camp 3 Rognan".[8]
- Osen in Vefsn (a municipality)[25] var underlejren Knutlia.[8][12]: 12
- At Ylvingen[12]: 13 "the prisoners"[26] or foreign prisoners of war, worked at the coastal fortress.[27]
- Saltdal:[28]
- Kroken prison camp (Norw: Kroken fangeleir) in Sørfold (a municipality) : The camp had had 618 prisoners in May 1945,[16] and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 9
- Makkøyra at Elvkroken[29]
- Kalvik at Leirfjorden (Helgeland)[30]
- Mørsry at Mørsvikbotnet[30]
- At Gullsmedvika near Mo i Rana[31]
- Krokstrand[12]: 12
- Lund[12]: 13
- Narvik[12]: 13
- Nesna[12]: 13
- Andenes: The camp had had 30-50 prisoners,[16] and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 7
- Skrova [i nVågan (a municipality)]: The camp had had 200 prisoners,[16] and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 7
- South-east of Svolvær": The camp had had 10 prisoners,[16] and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 7
- At Vestvågøy:
- Stamsund: The camp had had 60 prisoners,[16] and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 7 . The location was at Hermannsvika in Stamsund.[12]: 7 [32]
- Buksnes, at "Sund near Gravdal":[32] The prison camp had had 140 prisoners, and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 7
- Borge (Nordland): The prison camp had had 140 prisoners, and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 7
- Leknes on Vestvågøy[12]: 7
- Ballstad on Vestvågøy[12]: 7
- Skjelfjord [in Flakstad municipality] had 500 Soviet prisoners.[12]: 7
- Kalvik: The prison camp had had 339 prisoners, and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 7
- Elvegårdsmoen [in Narvik (a municipality)][12]: 7
- Lenvik [in Evenes municipality[12]: 7
- Bjerkvik [in Narvik municipality]: The prison camp had had 400 prisoners, and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 7
- Bogen i Ofoten: The prison camp had had 300-500 prisoners, and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 7
- Storvollen: The prison camp had had 422 prisoners.[12]: 7
- Bjarkåsen: The prison camp had had 918 prisoners, and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 7
- The graveyard in Narvik: The prison camp had had 500-1200 prisoners, and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 7
- The hospital in Narvik: The prison camp had had 120 prisoners, and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 8
- Framnæsodden i Narvik: The prison camp had had 80-100 prisoners, and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 7
- Dronningsgate: The prison camp had had 65 prisoners, and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 8
- Kongensgate i Narvik: The prison camp had had 40 prisoners, and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 8
- Nes, Nes fort i Lødingen kommune: The prison camp had had 130-140 prisoners, and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 8
- Bø[33] på i Engeløya i Steigen kommune: The prison camp had had 1600 prisoners, and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 8
- Mørsvikbotn
- Kobbvatnet[12]: 8 [in Sørfold (a municipality)]
- Bonåsjøen[12]: 8 i Sørfold (a municipality)
- Kvarv[12]: 8 i Sørfold (a municipality)
- Helland[12]: 8 (North of Fauske)
- Fauske:
- Teglværket:[12]: 8 The prison camp had had 200-400 prisoners.[12]: 8
- There were more prison camps in Fauske.[12]: 8
- Brennhei[34] i Krokstrand: The prison camp had had 100 prisoners, and it had Soviet prisoners - at least.[12]: 8
At least 28 prison camps had locations between Mo i Rana and Fauske (and 25 of these were for Soviet prisoners-of-war).[35]
County of Trøndelag
[change | change source]- In Levanger - Falstad prison camp near[36] the SS camp Falstad.
- In Oppdal: Stalag 308, had forced laborers working on the Nordland Line.[38]
- In Orkdal: Fannrem-leiren. The prisoners were sent to work on the Orkdal Line.[11] (Denne lejren var en utekommando[11]—underlejr til Grini1Grini fangelejr.)
- In Trondheim: Vollan fengsel
- Austråt[12]: 12
- Bjugn[12]: 12
- Ørlandet[12]: 12
- Fosenhalvøya[12]: 12
County of Hordaland
[change | change source]- Ulven-leiren[11]
- Espeland-leiren
- In Bergen: Storetveit skole hadde 268 fanger.[11]
- In Framnes in Norheimsund, a boarding school was re-built as a prison camp.[11]
County of Vestfold
[change | change source]- Berg interneringsleir
- On Bolærne: There was a death camp for Russians and others from the Soviet Union on Midtre Bolærne.[39]
County of Akershus
[change | change source]- Grini concentration camp (Grini konsentrasjonsleir)[40]
- In Nittedal: Åneby fangeleir.[11]
Literature
[change | change source]- Norge under okkupasjonen : 25 rapporter med kartlegging og registrering av spørreundersøkelser og dokumentasjon. 1997
- Bache, Andrew. [rapporten] "De sovjetiske, polske og jugoslaviske (serbiske) krigsfanger i tysk fangenskap i Norge 1941-1945. Oversikt over 709 krigsfange- og arbeidsleirer for utenlandske krigsfanger. Fordelt på 19 fylker" fra bogen Norge under okkupasjonen : 25 rapporter med kartlegging og registrering av spørreundersøkelser og dokumentasjon . Utgivet af projektet "Norge under okkupasjonen"
References
[change | change source]- ↑ Rapporter fra Norge under okkupasjonen. Oversikt over antall sider i rapportene
- ↑ "De sovjetiske, polske og jugoslaviske (serbiske) krigsfanger i tysk fangenskap i Norge 1941-1945. Oversikt over 709 krigsfange- og arbeidsleirer for utenlandske krigsfanger. Fordelt på 19 fylker". Utgivet af projektet "Norge under okkupasjonen"
- ↑ "Painful Heritage › Falstadsenteret". Archived from the original on 2017-03-01. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
- ↑ https://www.nrk.no/kultur/xl/nazi-dodsleiren-pa-bolaerne-og-de-glemte-gravene-1.14844914. Retrieved 2024-09-27
- ↑ https://www.nettavisen.no/utryddelsesleir/dodsleir/mallnitz-leiren/slik-var-dodsleiren-i-norge/s/12-95-3377272. Retrieved 2024-09-27
- ↑ VG Logo
- ↑ https://www.sagat.no/nyheter/ondskap-satt-i-system/19.43987. Retrieved 2024-04-25
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Asbjørn Svarstad; Line Brustad (8 November 2013). "Massakrer i Nord-Norge - utført av norske hirdmenn" [Massacres in North Norway - performed by Norwegian members of Hirden]. Dagbladet. p. 19.
- ↑ Følelsesladet møte med Karasjok
- ↑ Sergej ble «skutt under flukt» i Finnmark [Sergej was "shot during escape" in Finnmark]
- ↑ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 11.14 11 Eitinger-rapporten - del 1
- ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.17 12.18 12.19 12.20 12.21 12.22 12.23 12.24 12.25 12.26 12.27 12.28 12.29 12.30 12.31 12.32 12.33 12.34 12.35 12.36 12.37 12.38 12.39 12.40 12.41 12.42 12.43 12.44 12.45 12.46 12.47 12.48 12.49 12.50 12.51 12.52 12.53 12.54 12.55 12.56 12.57 12.58 12.59 12.60 12.61 12.62 12.63 Bache, Andrew. [rapporten] "De sovjetiske, polske og jugoslaviske (serbiske) krigsfanger i tysk fangenskap i Norge 1941-1945. Oversikt over 709 krigsfange- og arbeidsleirer for utenlandske krigsfanger. Fordelt på 19 fylker" fra bogen Norge under okkupasjonen : 25 rapporter med kartlegging og registrering av spørreundersøkelser og dokumentasjon . Utgivet af projektet "Norge under okkupasjonen"
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Samiske kulturminner langs 420 kV-ledning Balsfjord – Hammerfest. Sametinget. S. 30 Vitja 8. juli 2020
- ↑ https://www.nettavisen.no/utryddelsesleir/dodsleir/mallnitz-leiren/slik-var-dodsleiren-i-norge/s/12-95-3377272. Retrieved 2024-09-27
- ↑ Bare 35 av 272 krigsfanger overlevde dødsleiren. NRK. Vitja 9. juli 2020
- ↑ 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.10 16.11 16.12 16.13 16.14 16.15 16.16 16.17 16.18 16.19 16.20 16.21 16.22 16.23 16.24 16.25 16.26 16.27 16.28 16.29 16.30 16.31 Utsultede fanger ble drevet til slavearbeid. NSB tiet om alt etter krigen
- ↑ Dette er Nord-Norges ukjente bødler
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Fangeleirene i Saltdal Archived 2017-02-06 at the Wayback Machine. Hentet 26. juni 2017
- ↑ Slaveanlegget i Nordland 1940-1945. Fangeleirer og russiske gravsteder. Vandalisering av russiske minnestøtter.
- ↑ POLSK FANGELEIR. - Nordlandsmuseet / DigitaltMuseum
- ↑ Grenseløs interesse for skjelettfunnet
- ↑ Halvor Hegtun (2015-02-27). NSB said yes to. Aftenposten A-magasinet. p. 27.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Jan H. Steen. "Hvem bygde banen i nord?" [Who built the railway of the North?] (19 July 2017) Klassekampen. p. 21
- ↑ Flytter E6 600 meter for å berge krigsfangeleir
- ↑ Dette er Nord-Norges ukjente bødler - Se oversikt over Hirden-medlemmene fra nord som ble dømt i landssvikoppgjøret.
- ↑ Etterlyser folk som husker krigens dager
- ↑ Guri Kulås (2015-03-03). "Ny dokumentar om sovjetisk krigsfange blir vist under filmfestivalen Kosmorama i Trondheim: Han berga seg med song - Konsentrasjonsleir, tvangsarbeid og venskap med den seinare spionen Gunvor Galtung Haavik er berre nokre av opplevingane Igor Trapitsin omskapte til song". Klassekampen. pp. 28–9.
- ↑ Guri Kulås (2015-03-03). "Ny dokumentar om sovjetisk krigsfange blir vist under filmfestivalen Kosmorama i Trondheim: Han berga seg med song - Konsentrasjonsleir, tvangsarbeid og venskap med den seinare spionen Gunvor Galtung Haavik er berre nokre av opplevingane Igor Trapitsin omskapte til song". Klassekampen. p. 28.
- ↑ 7.Elvkroken
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 "7.Elvkroken", polarbanen.no, retrieved 2018-11-20
- ↑ Å lære seg norsk var for en serberfange ensbetydende med å bli henrettet. Hvordan greide så Cveja dette?
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 – Hvem var Fjodor?
- ↑ Mange gode resultater fra krigsminneprosjekter - Riksantikvaren
- ↑ Rana Blad - Opplevde fangeleirene på nært hold
- ↑ Halvor Hegtun (2015-02-27). NSB sa ja til slavedrift - Disse russerfangene ble tvunget til å bygge Nordlandsbanen. Så skulle de glemmes. Aftenposten A-magasinet.
- ↑ «Takk til det norske folk» - Med utstillingen «Takk til det norske folk» fortelles historien om krigsfangene fra Jugoslavia, og om den norske lokalbefolkningens hjelp og vennskap.
- ↑ "8. mars 1947" (6. mars 2017) Vi Menn. s. 5
- ↑ Halkvor Hegtun (2015-02-27). NSB said yes to. Aftenposten A-magasinet. p. 32.
- ↑ Bay, Eirik Gripp (2014). "The Front-sisters: A new take on Norwegian women in the German Red Cross of WWII" (PDF). University of Oslo. p. 88. Retrieved 2015-03-16.
- ↑ Joachim Grøgaar. Tre år under Kunze ["three years under Kunze"]. (1945) Publisher: Aschehoug (in Oslo, Norway)