Saint Vincent amazon
| Saint Vincent amazon | |
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| Saint Vincent amazon | |
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| Amazona guildingii | |
The Saint Vincent amazon (Amazona guildingii), also known as Saint Vincent parrot, is the only parrot that lives in the island of Saint Vincent in the Caribbean.
It is a large, multi-colored parrot with a yellowish white, blue and green head, greenish-bronze upperparts plumage, and violet blue-green wings.
Description
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The bird is 40 cm (16 in) long. The plumage of this attractive species is highly variable: virtually no two birds look alike, with a yellowish white, blue and green head, greenish-bronze upperparts, violet blue-green wings, grey feet, and reddish eye. Its tail feathers are blue with broad yellow tips. Both sexes are similar.[2]
There are two different colour morphs:[3] a more common ‘yellow-brown’ morph, and a less common ‘green’ morph. Although both morphs are broadly similar in appearance, the upperparts of the 'green' morph are mainly dull-green and the head is bluish white.[4]
Range and habitat
[change | change source]The Saint Vincent amazon is endemic to the heavily forested mountains of the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent in the Lesser Antilles.
It lives in rainforests in the island's central mountains, from 125 to 1,000 m (410 to 3,281 ft); it prefers mountains and valleys at low elevation because there are larger, mature trees needed for the nests.[2]
Biology
[change | change source]The Saint Vincent amazons live in groups and feed on the upper parts of large trees. Its diet consists mainly of fruits, seeds, flowers and leaves of several species of the rainforest.[5]
They breed between January and June (mostly February-May) and their nests are in holes in mature, large trees. The female usually lays two to three eggs.[6]
Status
[change | change source]The combined effects of habitat loss, hunting for food, the capture to trade them as pets, and natural disasters (volcanoes and hurricanes, made that the number of Saint Vincent Amazon declined through the 20th century.[5]
Due to all these contributing factors, the St. Vincent parrot is considered Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.[1] It is listed on Appendix I and II of CITES.[7]
Conservation
[change | change source]A group of conservation measures has been able to avoid the extinction of the St Vincent Amazon, including: the enforcement of international and domestic legislation protecting this species from hunting and trade; the protection of habitat through the establishment of the St Vincent Parrot Reserve; and the delivery of successful public education campaigns.[2][5]
On October 27, 1979, A. guildingii was declared the national bird of St. Vincent and the Grenadines as part of the country's first independence celebration.[5]
References
[change | change source]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 BirdLife International (2012). "Amazona guildingii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "St vincent amazon Amazona guildingii". BirdLife International (2013). Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- ↑ A morph is one of two or more distinct types of a given species, often distinct colour forms, which occur in the same population at the same time (that is, they are not geographical or seasonal variations
- ↑ Nichols, Holly A.J.; Nichols, Thomas Duncan (1973). "St. Vincent parrot: Plumage polymorphism, juvenile plumage and polymorphism". Bulletin of the British Ornithologist's Club. 93: 120–123. Available on line in Biodiversity Heritage Library
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Culzac-Wilson, Lystra (January 2003). "The Amazona guildingii: Conservation Status and Future Survival" (PDF). In International Aviculturists Society. (ed.). 2003 Proceedings of the International Aviculturists Society. 7th International Aviculturist Society Convention. West Palm Beach, Florida. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 4 July 2013.
{{cite conference}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ↑ "Saint Vincent Amazons or St. Vincent Parrots (Amazona guildingii)". Avian Web. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
- ↑ "Amazona guildingii". Species Database. UNEP-WCMC. Retrieved 5 July 2013.[permanent dead link]
Other websites
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- ARKive - images and movies of the Saint Vincent Amazon (Amazona guildingii) Archived 2012-11-18 at the Wayback Machine
- Animal Diversity Web - Amazona guildingii
- BirdLife Species Factsheet Archived 2013-05-19 at the Wayback Machine
- Catalogue of Life Archived 2019-03-07 at the Wayback Machine
- ITIS Report
- UNEP-WCMC Species Database Amazona guildingii[permanent dead link]