The Holocaust in Nazi-occupied Poland
    _1b.jpg) Top, clockwise: Warsaw Ghetto burning, May 1943 • Einsatzgruppe shooting of women from the Mizocz Ghetto, 1942 • Selection of people to be sent directly to the gas chamber right after their arrival at Auschwitz-II Birkenau • Jews captured in the Warsaw Ghetto uprising led to the Umschlagplatz by Waffen SS • Łódź Ghetto children deported to Chełmno extermination camp, 1942. | |
| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Period | 1941 – 1945 |
| Territory | Nazi-occupied Poland, including present-day western Ukraine and western Belarus |
| Perpetrators | Nazi Germany, his allied countries and local collaborators in their occupied territories |
| Killed | 3,000,000+ Polish Jews |
| Holocaust survivors | 157,000 – 375,000 in the Soviet Union[1] 50,000 liberated from Nazi concentration camps[2] |
The Holocaust in Nazi-occupied Poland was the genocide of Jews in Nazi-occupied Poland between September 1939 and May 1945.[3] At least 3,000,000 Jews in Poland (90% of pre-war Jews in Poland) were killed, mainly at the Belzec, Chelmno, Sobibor, Treblinka and Auschwitz concentration camp. Jewish victims from Poland constituted half of the Holocaust victims.[4]
Events
[change | change source]Poland lost 20% of her population to 5.5 years of Nazi occupation, including at least 3,000,000 Jews in Poland. In 1939, at least 7,000 Jews were killed in Nazi-occupied zone,[5] while the Soviet Union deported many Jews to the Russian mainland, where most survived the war. In 1941, Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union, expanding the Holocaust into Soviet territories.
Operation Reinhard
[change | change source]Particularly, at least 1,800,000 Jews were killed in Operation Reinhard, which involved deportations and mass extermination in death camps.
Aftermath
[change | change source]When the last death camp was freed, merely 1 – 2% of Polish Jews survived.[4][6]
Related pages
[change | change source]- Racism
- Nazism
- The Holocaust
- Antisemitism in Europe
- Independent State of Croatia
- Catholic Church and the Independent State of Croatia
References
[change | change source]- ↑ Edele, Mark; Warlick, Wanda (2017). "Saved by Stalin? Trajectories and Numbers of Polish Jews in the Soviet Second World War". Shelter from the Holocaust: Rethinking Jewish Survival in the Soviet Union. Wayne State University Press. pp. 96, 123. ISBN 978-0-8143-4268-8.
- ↑ Stola, Dariusz (2017). "Jewish emigration from communist Poland: the decline of Polish Jewry in the aftermath of the Holocaust". East European Jewish Affairs. 47 (2–3): 169–188 [171]. doi:10.1080/13501674.2017.1398446. S2CID 166031765.
- ↑ Laqueur, Walter (July 30, 2009). "Towards the Holocaust". The Changing Face of Antisemitism: From Ancient Times to the Present Day. ISBN 9780195341218. Retrieved November 3, 2024.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1
- Polonsky, Antony (1989). "Polish-Jewish relations and the Holocaust". Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry. 4: 226–242. doi:10.3828/polin.1989.4.226. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
- "Murder of the Jews of Poland". Yad Vashem. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
- "POLISH VICTIMS". Holocaust Encyclopedia. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
- Waltman, Michael; Haas, John (2010). The Communication of Hate. Peter Lang. p. 52. ISBN 978-1433104473.
- Grabowski, Jan; Klein, Shira (February 9, 2023). "Wikipedia's Intentional Distortion of the History of the Holocaust". The Journal of Holocaust Research. 37 (2): 133–190. doi:10.1080/25785648.2023.2168939. Retrieved January 20, 2025.
- "Unter der NS-Herrschaft ermordete Juden nach Land. / Jews by country murdered under Nazi rule". Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung / Federal Agency for Civic Education (Germany). April 29, 2018.
- ↑ Gerlach 2016, p. 63, 437.
- ↑ Joanna Tokarska-Bakir (2023). Cursed: A Social Portrait of the Kielce Pogrom. Cornell University Press. ISBN 9781501771484. Retrieved October 16, 2024.