User:Bhausen/Gibbs free energy
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Gibbs free energy is the available energy in a chemical reaction.[1] It was calculated by Josiah Willard Gibbs. It is named after him as well[2].
Purpose
[change | change source]Systems want to achieve as low of a free energy state as possible. The Gibbs free energy number is how far away the current system is from this state. It is analogous to a number line, with zero being the final state. Scientists use Gibbs free energy to determine the energy in a system that can be used. A negative Gibbs number indicates that you can get energy out of the reaction. It is a favorable reaction, which means that the chemical "wants" to move towards its lower state. A positive Gibbs number shows that you must put energy in to get energy out.
An example can be seen in respiration. The Gibbs value of one mole of glucose -686kcal[3]. This means that we can get 686 kcal of energy from one mole of glucose. This is means if we put in energy in respiration, we can theoretically get 686 kcal out of the mole of glucose.
Calculation
[change | change source]The equation for Gibbs free energy is G(p,T) = H − TS
where:
- U is the internal energy
- p is pressure
- V is Volume
- T is the temperature
- S is the entropy
- H is the enthalpy
Notes
[change | change source]References
[change | change source]"Gibbs Free Energy." Gibbs Free Energy. Texas A&M Univerity, n.d. Web. 29 Mar. 2014. <https://www.chem.tamu.edu/class/majors/tutorialnotefiles/gibbs.htm>.
"J. Willard Gibbs." APS. American Physical Society, n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://www.aps.org/programs/outreach/history/historicsites/gibbs.cfm>.
"The Energy Relationships in Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis: The Balance Sheet." The Storage Battery of Life. N.p., 2010. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/B/BalanceSheet.html>.
"Gibbs Free Energy." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 30 Mar. 2014. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbs_free_energy>.