User:Mr. Ibrahem/Cyanocobalamin
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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | sye AN oh koe BAL a min[3] |
| Trade names | Cobolin-M,[3] Depo-Cobolin,[3] others[4] |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Professional Drug Facts |
| MedlinePlus | a604029 |
| License data | |
| Pregnancy category |
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| Routes of administration | By mouth, intramuscular, nasal spray[1][2] |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
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| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C63H88CoN14O14P |
| Molar mass | 1,355.39 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| Melting point | 300 °C (572 °F) + |
| Boiling point | 300 °C (572 °F) + |
| Solubility in water | 1/80g/ml |
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Cyanocobalamin is a manufactured form of vitamin B
12 used to treat vitamin B12 deficiency.[3] The deficiency may occur in pernicious anemia, following surgical removal of the stomach, with fish tapeworm, or due to bowel cancer.[5] It is less preferred than hydroxocobalamin for treating vitamin B12 deficiency.[1] It is used by mouth, by injection into a muscle, or as a nasal spray.[1][2]
Cyanocobalamin is generally well tolerated.[6] Minor side effects may include diarrhea and itchiness.[7] Serious side effects may include anaphylaxis, low blood potassium, and heart failure.[7] Use is not recommended in those who are allergic to cobalt or have Leber's disease.[5] Vitamin B
12 is an essential nutrient meaning that it cannot be made by the body but is required for life.[8][6]
Cyanocobalamin was first manufactured in the 1940s.[9] It is available as a generic medication and over the counter.[1][6] In the United Kingdom it costs the NHS about £2.90 per injection as of 2019.[1] In the United States the wholesale cost of this amount was about US$0.77 in 2019.[10] In 2017, it was the 170th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than three million prescriptions.[11][12]
References
[change | change source]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 993–994. ISBN 9780857113382.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Cyanocobalamin Side Effects in Detail". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "Vitamin B12 Injection: Side Effects, Uses & Dosage". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
- ↑ "Cyanocobalamin – Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2006–2016". ClinCalc.com. Archived from the original on 2019-11-09. Retrieved 2019-11-09.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "DailyMed – cyanocobalamin, isopropyl alcohol". dailymed.nlm.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Lilley, Linda Lane; Collins, Shelly Rainforth; Snyder, Julie S. (2019). Pharmacology and the Nursing Process E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 83. ISBN 9780323550468. Archived from the original on 2021-03-09. Retrieved 2019-04-19.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Cyanocobalamin - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
- ↑ Markle HV (1996). "Cobalamin". Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences. 33 (4): 247–356. doi:10.3109/10408369609081009. PMID 8875026.
- ↑ Orkin, Stuart H.; Nathan, David G.; Ginsburg, David; Look, A. Thomas; Fisher, David E.; Lux, Samuel (2014). Nathan and Oski's Hematology and Oncology of Infancy and Childhood E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 309. ISBN 9780323291774. Archived from the original on 2021-03-08. Retrieved 2019-04-19.
- ↑ "NADAC as of 2019-02-27". Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Archived from the original on 2019-03-06. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
- ↑ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ↑ "Cyanocobalamin - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2020.