User:Mr. Ibrahem/Vaginismus
| Vaginismus | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Vaginism, genito-pelvic pain disorder[1] |
 | |
| Muscles included | |
| Medical specialty | Gynecology |
| Symptoms | Pain with sex[2] |
| Usual onset | With first sexual intercourse[3] |
| Causes | Fear of pain[3] |
| Risk factors | History of sexual assault, endometriosis, vaginitis, prior episiotomy[2] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on the symptoms and examination[2] |
| Differential diagnosis | Dyspareunia[4] |
| Treatment | Behavior therapy, gradual vaginal dilatation[2] |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment[5] |
| Frequency | 0.5% of women[2] |
Vaginismus is a condition in which involuntary muscle spasms prevents vaginal penetration.[2] This often results in pain with attempts at sex.[2] Often it begins when vaginal intercourse is first attempted.[3]
The underlying cause is generally a fear that penetration will hurt.[3] Risk factors include a history of sexual assault, endometriosis, vaginitis, or a prior episiotomy.[2] Diagnosis is based on the symptoms and examination.[2] It requires there to be no anatomical or physical problems and a desire for penetration on the part of the woman.[3][6]
Treatment may include behavior therapy such as graduated exposure therapy and gradual vaginal dilatation.[2][3] Surgery is not generally indicated.[5] Botulinum toxin (botox) is being studied.[2] Estimates of how common the condition is vary. One textbook estimates that 0.5% of women are affected.[2] Outcomes are generally good with treatment.[5]
References
[change | change source]- ↑ Maddux, James E.; Winstead, Barbara A. (2012). Psychopathology: Foundations for a Contemporary Understanding. Taylor & Francis. p. 332. ISBN 9781136482847. Archived from the original on 2017-08-08. Retrieved 2017-08-08.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 Ferri, Fred F. (2017). "Vaginismus". Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017: 5 Books in 1. Philadelphia: Elsevier. p. 1330. ISBN 978-0-323-28048-8. Archived from the original on 2019-05-20. Retrieved 2018-10-15.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "Vaginismus". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. April 2013. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
- ↑ Domino, Frank J. (2010). The 5-Minute Clinical Consult 2011. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1394. ISBN 9781608312597. Archived from the original on 2018-10-15. Retrieved 2018-10-15.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Vaginismus". NHS. 2018-01-11. Archived from the original on 2017-10-13. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
- ↑ Braddom, Randall L. (2010). Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 665. ISBN 978-1437735635. Archived from the original on 2018-10-15. Retrieved 2018-10-15.