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Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad

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Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (Arabic: جماعة التوحيد والجهاد, lit. 'Congregation of Monotheism and Jihad') was a Salafist jihadist war group. It was created in Jordan in 1999 and was led by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi for its lifetime.

Iraq War (2003–2011)

Beginning of the Iraqi conflict

Background

Pre-1990	17 July Revolution Iranian Revolution 1979 Ba'ath Party Purge Iran–Iraq War British / U.S. support for Iraq Chemical attacks against Iran Anfal campaign Iran–Contra affair
1990–2003	Gulf War Invasion of Kuwait Nayirah testimony Sanctions against Iraq No-fly zones 1991 uprisings UNSCOM Arms-to-Iraq affair Oil-for-Food Programme Investigations September 11 attacks Aftermath War on terror 2001 anthrax attacks U.S. War in Afghanistan Invasion

Issues

Dossiers
and memos

Overview

Key events

Invasion
(2003)

Occupation
(2003–2011)

Replacement governments	Coalition Provisional Authority Iraqi Governing Council Interim Government 2005 parliamentary elections Transitional Government Constitution Ratification

Countries

Insurgent
groups

Sunni groups	Islamic Army in Iraq 1920 Revolution Brigades Jaish al-Rashideen Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance Hamas of Iraq Jeish Muhammad Mujahideen Shura Council Islamic State of Iraq Al-Qaeda in Iraq Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan Black Banner Organization Wakefulness and Holy War Abu Theeb's group Abu Bakr Al-Salafi Army Mujahideen Army
Shia groups	Mahdi Army Abu Deraa's militia Badr Organization Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq Sheibani Network Soldiers of Heaven Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq Promised Day Brigade Kata'ib Hezbollah
Ba'ath loyalists	Fedayeen Saddam Al-Awda Popular Army Al-Abud Network Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation

Battles and operations

Operations

2003	Ancient Babylon Bayonet Lightning Bulldog Mammoth Catalyst Desert Scorpion Desert Thrust Falconer Iron Hammer Iron Justice Ivy Blizzard Northern Delay Airborne Dragon Panther Squeeze Peninsula Strike Planet X Capture of Saddam Hussein (Red Dawn) Telic
2004	Baton Rouge Bulldog Mammoth Iron Saber New Dawn (Al Fajr) Phantom Fury Phantom Linebacker Plymouth Rock Vigilant Resolve Warrior's Rage
2005	Able Rising Force Able Warrior Badlands Cyclone Dagger Iron Hammer Matador New Market Spear (Romhe) Squeeze Play Steel Curtain
2006	Al Majid Gaugamela Guardian Tiger Iron Triangle River Falcon Scorpion Sinbad Swarmer Together Forward
2007	Alljah Arbead II Ardennes Black Eagle Commando Eagle Forsythe Park Imposing Law Leyte Gulf Marne Avalanche Marne Torch Mawtini Phantom Strike Phantom Thunder Polar Tempest Purple Haze Saber Guardian Sledgehammer Stampede 3 Tiger Hammer Valiant Guardian (Harris Ba'sil)
2008	Defeat Al Qaeda in the North Augurs of Prosperity Phantom Phoenix
2009–2011	New Dawn

Battles

2003

Invasion	Umm Qasr Al Faw Basra I Nasiriyah Karbala I Haditha Dam Najaf I Samawah I Karbala II Al Kut Hillah Karbala Gap Debecka Pass Baghdad I

2004

Spring fighting

Karbala City Hall

Siege of Sadr City

Good Friday ambush

Baghdad International Airport

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009–2011

Palm Grove (2010)

Related events

War crimes

Occupation forces

Killings and massacres	During the 2003 invasion^{[broken anchor]} U.S. killings of journalists Fallujah killings Killing of Nadhem Abdullah (2003) Murder of Muhamad Husain Kadir Mukaradeeb wedding party massacre (2004) Haifa Street helicopter incident (2005) Tal Afar shootings (2005) Basra prison incident (2005) Haditha massacre (2005) Mahmudiyah rape and killings (2006) Ishaqi massacre (2006) Baghdad detainee killings (2006) Hamdania incident (2006) Iraqi bodyguard killing (2006) Iron Triangle Murders (2006) Baghdad airstrike (2007) Nisour Square massacre (2007) Iraq War Logs (2010)
Chemical weapons	Use of white phosphorus by the United States (2004–05)
Torture and abuse	Abu Ghraib prison (2003–06) Camp Bucca (2003–09) Camp Nama (2003–04) Balad Air Base (2003–2011) Death of Nagem Hatab (2003) Killing of Baha Mousa (2003) Death of Abed Hamed Mowhoush (2003) Killing of Manadel al-Jamadi (2003) Death of Fashad Mohamed (2004)

§ Other killings
and bombings

2003	Jordanian embassy Canal Hotel Imam Ali mosque bombing Baghdad October 2003
2004	Erbil 2004 Ashura massacre Basra 2004 Mosul 2004 2004 church bombings Baghdad bombings 14 September 30 September Karbala and Najaf bombings Baqubah 2004 Kufa mosque bombing
2005	Al Hillah 2005 Erbil 2005 Musayyib bombing Baghdad bombings August September Balad 2005 Khanaqin bombings
2006	Karbala and Ramadi Al-Askari mosque 2006 Buratha mosque bombing Sadr City bombings July November Hayy Al-Jihad massacre
2007	Mustansiriya University Baghdad bombings 22 January 3 February 12 February 18 February 29 March 18 April 26 July 1 August Al Hillah 2007 Tal Afar 2007 Iraqi Parliament 2007 Karbala mosque bombings Massacres of Yazidis April massacre Qahtaniyah bombings Makhmour Abu Sayda Al-Askari mosque 2007 Al-Khilani mosque bombing Amirli bombing Kirkuk 2007 Al Amarah bombings
2008	Bagdad bombings February March June Balad 2008 Karbala 2008 Al-Karmah Dujail bombing Balad Ruz bombing Attacks on Christians in Mosul
2009	Bagdad bombings March 6 April June August October December Baghdad–Miqdadiyah Taza bombing Kirkuk 2009 Tal Afar 2009
2010	Nationwide attacks 10 May 25 August Bagdad bombings January February April August September November Baqubah 2010 Baghdad church massacre
2011	Nationwide attacks January August Bagdad bombings January August October Arba'een bombings Tikrit assault Al Hillah 2011 Samarra bombing Al Diwaniyah bombing Taji bombings Karbala 2011 Basra 2011

Other war crimes

Prosecution

§ All attacks listed in this group were either committed by insurgents, or have unknown perpetrators

Impact

General

Political
controversies

Investigations	Senate Report on WMD Intelligence Duelfer Report Chilcot Inquiry

Reactions

Pre-war	Pre-war international reactions Khuy Voyne! Saddam Hussein interview

February 15, 2003

Bring Them Home Now Tour

January 20, 2005

September 24, 2005

January 27, 2007

2007 Port of Tacoma

September 15, 2007

Aftermath in Iraq

The rise of ISIL
Insurgency (2011–13)
War in Iraq (2013–17)
War against ISIL (2014–present)
U.S.-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)
Insurgency (2017–present)

Miscellaneous

Terminology

Critical	Global arrogance Inverted totalitarianism "The wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time"

Memorials

Lists

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Islamist militant groups

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