Module:IPA symbol/data
Before adding a symbol here, consider using the display text option of {{IPA link}}, as in {{IPA link|p|b̥}}.
When editing the data, make sure it has no errors by checking the overview below (note, however, that it is not capable of detecting all errors).
Overview
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No errors were found. 451 entries (393 in "sounds", 58 in "diacritics"), 946 symbols (735 in "sounds", 211 in "diacritics"). Parentheses denote a link automatically inherited from the name field. In italics are redirects.
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local data = {
sounds = {},
diacritics = {},
univPatterns = {
{
pat = "g", -- Latin Small Letter G
rep = "ɡ" -- Latin Small Letter Script G
},
{
pat = "ᵍ", -- Modifier Letter Small G
rep = "ᶢ" -- Modifier Letter Small Script G
},
{
pat = "l̴", -- 'l' + Combining Tilde Overlay
rep = "ɫ" -- Latin Small Letter L with Middle Tilde
},
{
pat = "ˁ", -- Modifier Letter Reversed Glottal Stop
rep = "ˤ" -- Modifier Letter Small Reversed Glottal Stop
},
{
pat = "’", -- Right Single Quotation Mark
rep = "ʼ" -- Modifier Letter Apostrophe
},
{
pat = "ȷ", -- Latin Small Letter Dotless J
rep = "j" -- Latin Small Letter J
},
{
pat = "ʇ", -- Latin Small Letter Turned T
rep = "ǀ" -- Latin Letter Dental Click
},
{
pat = "[!ʗ]", -- Exclamation Mark / Latin Letter Stretched C
rep = "ǃ" -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click
},
{
pat = "ǃǃ", -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click x 2
rep = "𝼊" -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click With Retroflex Hook
},
{
pat = "‼", -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click x 2
rep = "𝼊" -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click With Retroflex Hook
},
{
pat = "ʖ", -- Latin Letter Inverted Glottal Stop
rep = "ǁ" -- Latin Letter Lateral Click
},
{
pat = "ꞵ", -- Latin Small Letter Beta
rep = "β" -- Greek Small Letter Beta
},
{
pat = "γ", -- Greek Small Letter Gamma
rep = "ɣ" -- Latin Small Letter Gamma
},
{
pat = "φ", -- Greek Small Letter Phi
rep = "ɸ" -- Latin Small Letter Phi
},
{
pat = "ꭓ", -- Latin Small Letter Chi
rep = "χ" -- Greek Small Letter Chi
},
},
keyPatterns = {
-- These do not affect the revese look for diacritics
{
pat = "[͜͡ːˑ◌]", -- Tie bars, length marks, dotted circle
rep = ""
},
{
pat = "ᵏ", -- Modifier Letter Small K
rep = "k" -- Latin Small Letter K
},
{
pat = "ᶢ", -- Modifier Letter Small Script G
rep = "ɡ" -- Latin Small Letter Script G
},
{
pat = "ᵑ", -- Modifier Letter Small Eng
rep = "ŋ" -- Latin Small Letter Eng
},
}
}
local rawData = {
sounds = {
-- PULMONIC CONSONANTS
-- Nasals
{
name = "Voiceless bilabial nasal",
symbols = { "m̥" },
audio = "Voiceless Bilabial Nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced bilabial nasal",
symbols = { "m" },
audio = "Bilabial nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless labiodental nasal",
symbols = { "ɱ̊", "ɱ̥" },
audio = "Voiceless labiodental nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced labiodental nasal",
symbols = { "ɱ" },
audio = "Labiodental nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced linguolabial nasal",
symbols = { "n̼" },
audio = "Linguolabial nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced dental nasal",
symbols = { "n̪" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar nasal",
symbols = { "n̥" },
audio = "Voiceless Alveolar Nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar nasal",
symbols = { "n" },
audio = "Alveolar nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar nasal",
symbols = { "n̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex nasal",
symbols = { "ɳ̊", "ɳ̥" },
audio = "Voiceless retroflex nasal.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex nasal",
symbols = { "ɳ" },
audio = "Retroflex nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal nasal",
symbols = { "n̠̊ʲ", "ɲ̊˖", "ɲ̟̊", "ȵ̊" },
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal nasal",
symbols = { "n̠ʲ", "ɲ˖", "ɲ̟", "ȵ" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless palatal nasal",
symbols = { "ɲ̊", "ɲ̥" },
audio = "Voiceless palatal nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal nasal",
symbols = { "ɲ" },
audio = "Palatal nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced post-palatal nasal",
symbols = { "ɲ˗", "ɲ̠", "ŋ˖", "ŋ̟" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless velar nasal",
symbols = { "ŋ̊", "ŋ̥" },
audio = "Voiceless velar nasal.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar nasal",
symbols = { "ŋ" },
audio = "Velar nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced pre-uvular nasal",
symbols = { "ɴ̟", "ŋ˗", "ŋ̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless uvular nasal",
symbols = { "ɴ̥", "ɴ̊" },
audio = "Voiceless uvular nasal.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular nasal",
symbols = { "ɴ" },
audio = "Uvular nasal.ogg"
},
-- Plosives
{
name = "Voiceless bilabial plosive",
symbols = { "p" },
audio = "Voiceless bilabial plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced bilabial plosive",
symbols = { "b" },
audio = "Voiced bilabial plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless labiodental plosive",
symbols = { "p̪", "p͆" },
},
{
name = "Voiced labiodental plosive",
symbols = { "b̪" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless linguolabial plosive",
symbols = { "t̼" },
audio = "Voiceless linguolabial stop.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced linguolabial plosive",
symbols = { "d̼" },
audio = "Voiced linguolabial stop.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless dental plosive",
symbols = { "t̪" },
audio = "Voiceless dental stop.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced dental plosive",
symbols = { "d̪" },
audio = "Voiced dental stop.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar plosive",
symbols = { "t" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar plosive",
symbols = { "d" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless postalveolar plosive",
symbols = { "t̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar plosive",
symbols = { "d̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex plosive",
symbols = { "ʈ" },
audio = "Voiceless retroflex stop.oga"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex plosive",
symbols = { "ɖ" },
audio = "Voiced retroflex stop.oga"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal plosive",
symbols = { "t̠ʲ", "c̟", "ȶ" },
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal plosive",
symbols = { "d̠ʲ", "ɟ˖", "ɟ̟", "ȡ" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless palatal plosive",
symbols = { "c" },
audio = "Voiceless palatal plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal plosive",
symbols = { "ɟ" },
audio = "Voiced palatal plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless post-palatal plosive",
symbols = { "c̠", "k̟" },
},
{
name = "Voiced post-palatal plosive",
symbols = { "ɟ˗", "ɟ̠", "ɡ˖", "ɡ̟" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless velar plosive",
symbols = { "k" },
audio = "Voiceless velar plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar plosive",
symbols = { "ɡ" },
audio = "Voiced velar plosive 02.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless pre-uvular plosive",
symbols = { "q˖", "q̟", "k̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiced pre-uvular plosive",
symbols = { "ɢ̟", "ɡ˗", "ɡ̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless uvular plosive",
symbols = { "q" },
audio = "Voiceless uvular plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular plosive",
symbols = { "ɢ" },
audio = "Voiced uvular stop.oga"
},
{
name = "Epiglottal plosive",
symbols = { "ʡ" },
audio = "Epiglottal stop.ogg"
},
{
name = "Glottal stop",
symbols = { "ʔ" },
audio = "Glottal stop.ogg"
},
-- Affricates
{
name = "Voiceless bilabial affricate",
symbols = { "pɸ" },
audio = "Voiceless bilabial affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced bilabial affricate",
symbols = { "bβ" },
audio = "Voiced bilabial affricate.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiceless labiodental affricate",
symbols = { "p̪f", "p͆f", "pf" },
audio = "Voiceless labiodental affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced labiodental affricate",
symbols = { "b̪v", "bv" },
audio = "Voiced labiodental affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless dental affricate",
symbols = { "t̪s̪", "ts̪", "t̟s̟", "ts̟" },
audio = "Voiceless dental sibilant affricate.oga"
},
{
name = "Voiced dental affricate",
symbols = { "d̪z̪", "dz̪", "d̟z̟", "dz̟" },
audio = "Voiced dental sibilant affricate.oga"
},
{
name = "Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate",
symbols = { "t̪θ", "t̟θ", "tθ" },
audio = "Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate.oga"
},
{
name = "Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate",
symbols = { "d̪ð", "d̟ð", "dð" },
audio = "Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate.oga"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar affricate",
symbols = { "ts", "ʦ" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate.oga"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar affricate",
symbols = { "dz", "ʣ" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate.oga"
},
{
name = "Voiceless apico-alveolar affricate",
symbols = { "t̺s̺", "ts̺", "t̠s̠", "ts̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiced apico-alveolar affricate",
symbols = { "d̺z̺", "dz̺", "d̠z̠", "dz̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate",
symbols = { "tɹ̝̊", "tɹ̥", "tθ̠", "tθ͇" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate",
symbols = { "dɹ̝", "dɹ", "dð̠", "dð͇" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiceless postalveolar affricate",
symbols = { "t̠ʃ", "tʃ", "ʧ" },
audio = "Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar affricate",
symbols = { "d̠ʒ", "dʒ", "ʤ" },
audio = "Voiced palato-alveolar affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate",
symbols = { "t̠ɹ̠̊˔", "tɹ̠̊˔", "tɹ̝̊˗", "t̠ɹ̝̊˗", "t̠ɹ̠̊", "tɹ̠̊" },
audio = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate",
symbols = { "d̠ɹ̠˔", "dɹ̠˔", "dɹ̝˗", "d̠ɹ̝˗", "d̠ɹ̠", "dɹ̠" },
audio = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex affricate",
symbols = { "ʈʂ", "tʂ" },
audio = "Voiceless retroflex affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex affricate",
symbols = { "ɖʐ", "dʐ" },
audio = "Voiced retroflex affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate",
symbols = { "tɕ", "cɕ", "ʨ" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate",
symbols = { "dʑ", "ɟʑ", "ʥ" },
audio = "Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless palatal affricate",
symbols = { "cç" },
audio = "Voiceless palatal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal affricate",
symbols = { "ɟʝ" },
audio = "Voiced palatal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless post-palatal affricate",
symbols = { "c̠ç˗", "cç˗", "c̠ç̠", "cç̠", "k̟x̟", "kx̟" },
},
{
name = "Voiced post-palatal affricate",
symbols = { "ɟ˗ʝ˗", "ɟʝ˗", "ɟ̠ʝ̠", "ɟʝ̠", "ɡ˖ɣ˖", "ɡɣ˖", "ɡ̟ɣ̟", "ɡɣ̟" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless velar affricate",
symbols = { "kx" },
audio = "Voiceless velar affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar affricate",
symbols = { "ɡɣ" },
audio = "Voiced velar affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless pre-uvular affricate",
symbols = { "q˖χ˖", "qχ˖", "q̟χ̟", "qχ̟", "k̠x̠", "kx̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless uvular affricate",
symbols = { "qχ" },
audio = "Voiceless uvular affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular affricate",
symbols = { "ɢʁ" },
audio = "Voiced uvular affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless pharyngeal affricate",
symbols = { "ʡħ" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless epiglottal affricate",
symbols = { "ʡʜ" },
audio = "Voiceless epiglottal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced epiglottal affricate",
symbols = { "ʡʢ" },
audio = "Voiced epiglottal affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless glottal affricate",
symbols = { "ʔh" },
audio = "Voiceless glottal affricate.ogg"
},
-- Fricatives
{
name = "Voiceless bilabial fricative",
symbols = { "ɸ", "β̞̊", "β̥˕" },
audio = "Voiceless bilabial fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced bilabial fricative",
symbols = { "β" },
audio = "Voiced bilabial fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless labiodental fricative",
symbols = { "f", "ʋ̥", "f̞" },
audio = "Voiceless labio-dental fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced labiodental fricative",
symbols = { "v" },
audio = "Voiced labio-dental fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless linguolabial fricative",
symbols = { "θ̼" },
audio = "Voiceless linguolabial fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced linguolabial fricative",
symbols = { "ð̼" },
audio = "Voiced linguolabial fricative.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiceless dental fricative",
symbols = { "θ", "θ̞" },
audio = "Voiceless dental fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced dental fricative",
symbols = { "ð" },
audio = "Voiced dental fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless dental sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "s̪" },
},
{
name = "Voiced dental sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "z̪" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless denti-alveolar fricative",
symbols = { "s̻̪", "s̪̻", "s̻͆", "s̟" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar fricative",
symbols = { "s" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar fricative",
symbols = { "z" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless apico-alveolar fricative",
symbols = { "s̺" },
},
{
name = "Voiced apico-alveolar fricative",
symbols = { "z̺" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar retracted fricative",
symbols = { "s̠" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar retracted sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar retracted fricative",
symbols = { "z̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "θ̠", "θ͇", "ɹ̝̊", "ɹ̥" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "ð̠", "ð͇", "ɹ̝" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar tapped fricative",
symbols = { "ɾ̞̊" },
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar tapped fricative",
symbols = { "ɾ̞" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar tapped fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless postalveolar fricative",
symbols = { "ʃ" },
audio = "Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar fricative",
symbols = { "ʒ" },
audio = "Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "ɹ̠̊˔", "ɹ̝̊˗" },
audio = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "ɹ̠˔", "ɹ̝˗" },
audio = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex fricative",
symbols = { "ʂ" },
audio = "Voiceless retroflex sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex fricative",
symbols = { "ʐ" },
audio = "Voiced retroflex sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "ɻ̝̊", "ɻ̊˔" },
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative",
symbols = { "ɻ̝", "ɻ˔", "ɻ̊" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative",
symbols = { "ɕ" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative",
symbols = { "ʑ" },
audio = "Voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless palatal fricative",
symbols = { "ç" },
audio = "Voiceless palatal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal fricative",
symbols = { "ʝ" },
audio = "Voiced palatal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless post-palatal fricative",
symbols = { "ç˗", "ç̠", "x̟" },
},
{
name = "Voiced post-palatal fricative",
symbols = { "ʝ˗", "ʝ̠", "ɣ˖", "ɣ̟" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless velar fricative",
symbols = { "x", "ɰ̊", "x̞", "ɣ̊˕", "ɣ̞̊" },
audio = "Voiceless velar fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar fricative",
symbols = { "ɣ" },
audio = "Voiced velar fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless pre-uvular fricative",
symbols = { "χ˖", "χ̟", "x̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiced pre-uvular fricative",
symbols = { "ʁ̟", "ɣ˗", "ɣ̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless uvular fricative",
symbols = { "χ" },
audio = "Voiceless uvular fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular fricative",
symbols = { "ʁ" },
audio = "Voiced uvular fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless pharyngeal fricative",
symbols = { "ħ" },
audio = "Voiceless pharyngeal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced pharyngeal fricative",
symbols = { "ʕ" },
audio = "Voiced pharyngeal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless glottal fricative",
symbols = { "h" },
audio = "Voiceless glottal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced glottal fricative",
symbols = { "ɦ" },
audio = "Voiced glottal fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless bidental fricative",
symbols = { "h̪͆" },
audio = "Voiceless bidental fricative.ogg"
},
-- Approximants
{
name = "Voiced bilabial approximant",
symbols = { "β̞" },
audio = "Bilabial approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced labiodental approximant",
symbols = { "ʋ" },
audio = "Labiodental approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced dental approximant",
symbols = { "ð̞" },
audio = "Voiced dental approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar approximant",
symbols = { "ɹ" },
audio = "Alveolar approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar approximant",
symbols = { "ɹ̠" },
audio = "Postalveolar approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex approximant",
symbols = { "ɻ" },
audio = "Retroflex Approximant2.oga"
},
{
name = "Voiceless palatal approximant",
symbols = { "j̊" },
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal approximant",
symbols = { "j", "ʝ˕", "ʝ̞" },
audio = "Palatal approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced post-palatal approximant",
symbols = { "j˗", "j̠", "ɰ̟", "ɰ˖", "ʝ˕˗", "ʝ˗˕", "ʝ̞˗", "ɣ˕˖", "ɣ˖˕", "ɣ̞˖" },
audio = "Post-palatal approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar approximant",
symbols = { "ɰ", "ɣ˕", "ɣ̞" },
audio = "Voiced velar approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar bunched approximant",
symbols = { "ɹ̈ "},
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular approximant",
symbols = { "ʁ̞" },
audio = "Voiced Uvular Approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced pharyngeal approximant",
symbols = { "ʕ̞" },
},
{
name = "Voiced epiglottal approximant",
symbols = { "ʢ̞" },
},
{
name = "Creaky-voiced glottal approximant",
symbols = { "ʔ̞", "ʔ̰" },
audio = "Creaky-voiced glottal approximant.wav"
},
-- Taps/flaps
{
name = "Voiced bilabial flap",
symbols = { "ⱱ̟", "b̆" },
audio = "Voiced bilabial flap.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiced labiodental flap",
symbols = { "ⱱ" },
audio = "Labiodental flap.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced linguolabial tap",
symbols = { "ɾ̼" },
audio = "Voiced linguolabial tap.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiced dental tap or flap",
symbols = { "ɾ̪" },
article = "Dental tap",
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar tap or flap",
symbols = { "ɾ̥" },
article = "Voiceless alveolar tap",
audio = "Voiceless alveolar tap.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar tap or flap",
symbols = { "ɾ" },
article = "Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps",
audio = "Alveolar tap.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar flap",
symbols = { "ɾ̠" },
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar nasal tap or flap",
symbols = { "ɾ̃", "n̆" },
article = "Alveolar nasal tap",
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex flap",
symbols = { "ɽ̊" },
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex flap",
symbols = { "ɽ" },
audio = "Retroflex flap.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar tap",
symbols = { "ɡ̆" },
audio = "Voiced velar tap.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular tap or flap",
symbols = { "ɢ̆", "ʀ̆" },
article = "Voiced uvular tap and flap",
audio = "Voiced uvular tap.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiced epiglottal tap",
symbols = { "ʡ̆", "ʢ̆" },
audio = "Epiglottal flap.oga"
},
-- Trills
{
name = "Voiceless bilabial trill",
symbols = { "ʙ̥" },
audio = "Voiceless bilabial trill with aspiration.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced bilabial trill",
symbols = { "ʙ" },
audio = "Bilabial trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced linguolabial trill",
symbols = { "r̼" },
audio = "Linguolabial trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced dental trill",
symbols = { "r̪" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar trill",
symbols = { "r̥" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar trill",
symbols = { "r" },
audio = "Alveolar trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar fricative trill",
symbols = { "r̝̊" },
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar fricative trill",
symbols = { "r̝" },
audio = "Raised alveolar non-sonorant trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar trill",
symbols = { "r̠" },
audio = "Voiced postalveolar trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex trill",
symbols = { "ɽ̊r̥", "ɽr̥" },
audio = "Voiceless retroflex trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex trill",
symbols = { "ɽr" },
audio = "Voiced retroflex trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless pre-uvular fricative trill",
symbols = { "ʀ̝̊˖", "ʀ̟̊˔" },
},
{
name = "Voiced pre-uvular fricative trill",
symbols = { "ʀ̝˖", "ʀ̟˔" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless uvular trill",
symbols = { "ʀ̥" },
audio = "Voiceless uvular trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular trill",
symbols = { "ʀ" },
audio = "Uvular trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless uvular fricative trill",
symbols = { "ʀ̝̊" },
audio = "Voiceless uvular fricative trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular fricative trill",
symbols = { "ʀ̝" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless epiglottal trill",
symbols = { "ʜ" },
audio = "Voiceless epiglottal trill.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced epiglottal trill",
symbols = { "ʢ" },
audio = "Voiced epiglottal trill 2.ogg"
},
-- Lateral affricates
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate",
symbols = { "tɬ", "ƛ" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar lateral affricate",
symbols = { "dɮ" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar lateral affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate",
symbols = { "ʈɭ̊˔", "tɭ̊˔", "ʈɭ̊", "tɭ̊", "ʈꞎ", "tꞎ" },
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex lateral affricate",
symbols = { "ɖɭ˔", "dɭ˔", "ɖɭ", "dɭ", "ɖ𝼅", "d𝼅" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless palatal lateral affricate",
symbols = { "cʎ̝̊", "cʎ̥", "c𝼆", "t𝼆" },
audio = "Voiceless palatal lateral affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal lateral affricate",
symbols = { "ɟʎ̝", "ɟʎ", "ɟ𝼆̬", "d𝼆̬" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless velar lateral affricate",
symbols = { "kʟ̝̊", "kʟ̥", "k𝼄" },
audio = "Voiceless velar lateral affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar lateral affricate",
symbols = { "ɡʟ̝", "ɡʟ", "ɡ𝼄̬" },
audio = "Voiced velar lateral affricate.ogg"
},
-- Lateral fricatives
{
name = "Voiceless dental lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ɬ̪" },
},
{
name = "Voiced dental lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ɮ̪", "ɮ͆" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ɬ" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ɮ" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar lateral fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ɭ̊˔", "ꞎ", "ɭ̊" },
audio = "Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ɭ˔", "𝼅" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ɬ̠ʲ", "ʎ̝̊˖", "ȴ̊˔", "l̠̊ʲ", "ʎ̟̊", "ȴ̊" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless palatal lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ʎ̝̊", "ʎ̥", "𝼆" },
audio = "Voiceless palatal lateral fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ʎ̝", "𝼆̬" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless velar lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ʟ̝̊", "ʟ̥", "𝼄" },
audio = "Voiceless velar lateral fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar lateral fricative",
symbols = { "ʟ̝", "𝼄̬" },
audio = "Voiced velar lateral fricative.ogg"
},
-- Lateral approximants
{
name = "Voiced dental lateral approximant",
symbols = { "l̪" },
audio = "Voiced dental lateral approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral approximant",
symbols = { "l̥" },
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar lateral approximant",
symbols = { "l" },
audio = "Alveolar lateral approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant",
symbols = { "l̠" },
audio = "Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex lateral approximant",
symbols = { "ɭ" },
audio = "Retroflex lateral approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal lateral approximant",
symbols = { "l̠ʲ", "ʎ̟", "ȴ" },
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal lateral approximant",
symbols = { "ʎ" },
audio = "Palatal lateral approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar lateral approximant",
symbols = { "ʟ" },
audio = "Velar lateral approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular lateral approximant",
symbols = { "ʟ̠" },
audio = "Uvular lateral approximant.ogg"
},
-- Lateral taps/flaps
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral flap",
symbols = { "ɺ̥" },
audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral flap.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar lateral flap",
symbols = { "ɺ" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar lateral flap.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex lateral flap",
symbols = { "ɭ̥̆", "𝼈̥" },
audio = "Voiceless retroflex lateral flap.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex lateral flap",
symbols = { "ɭ̆", "𝼈" },
audio = "Voiced retroflex lateral flap.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal lateral flap",
symbols = { "ʎ̆" },
audio = "Voiced palatal lateral flap.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiced velar lateral tap",
symbols = { "ʟ̆" },
audio = "Voiced velar lateral tap.wav"
},
-- NON-PULMONIC CONSONANTS
-- Ejective stops
{
name = "Bilabial ejective stop",
symbols = { "pʼ" },
audio = "Bilabial ejective plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Dental ejective stop",
symbols = { "t̪ʼ" },
},
{
name = "Alveolar ejective stop",
symbols = { "tʼ" },
audio = "Alveolar ejective plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Retroflex ejective stop",
symbols = { "ʈʼ" },
audio = "Retroflex ejective.ogg"
},
{
name = "Palatal ejective stop",
symbols = { "cʼ" },
audio = "Palatal ejective.ogg"
},
{
name = "Velar ejective stop",
symbols = { "kʼ" },
audio = "Velar ejective plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Uvular ejective stop",
symbols = { "qʼ" },
audio = "Uvular ejective plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Epiglottal ejective",
symbols = { "ʡʼ" },
audio = "Epiglottal ejective.ogg"
},
-- Ejective affricates
{
name = "Labiodental ejective affricate",
symbols = { "p̪fʼ" },
},
{
name = "Dental ejective affricate",
symbols = { "t̪θʼ", "t̟θʼ", "tθʼ" },
audio = "Dental ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Alveolar ejective affricate",
symbols = { "tsʼ" },
audio = "Alveolar ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Palato-alveolar ejective affricate",
symbols = { "t̠ʃʼ", "tʃʼ" },
audio = "Palato-alveolar ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Retroflex ejective affricate",
symbols = { "ʈʂʼ", "tʂʼ" },
audio = "Retroflex ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Alveolo-palatal ejective affricate",
symbols = { "t̠ɕʼ", "tɕʼ", "cɕʼ" },
},
{
name = "Palatal ejective affricate",
symbols = { "cçʼ" },
audio = "Palatal ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Velar ejective affricate",
symbols = { "kxʼ" },
audio = "Velar ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Uvular ejective affricate",
symbols = { "qχʼ" },
audio = "Uvular ejective affricate.ogg"
},
-- Ejective fricatives
{
name = "Bilabial ejective fricative",
symbols = { "ɸʼ" },
},
{
name = "Labiodental ejective fricative",
symbols = { "fʼ" },
audio = "Labiodental ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Dental ejective fricative",
symbols = { "θʼ" },
audio = "Dental ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Alveolar ejective fricative",
symbols = { "sʼ" },
audio = "Alveolar ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Palato-alveolar ejective fricative",
symbols = { "ʃʼ" },
audio = "Palato-alveolar ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Retroflex ejective fricative",
symbols = { "ʂʼ" },
audio = "Retroflex ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative",
symbols = { "ɕʼ" },
audio = "Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Palatal ejective fricative",
symbols = { "çʼ" },
audio = "Palatal ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Velar ejective fricative",
symbols = { "xʼ" },
audio = "Velar ejective fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Uvular ejective fricative",
symbols = { "χʼ" },
audio = "Uvular ejective fricative.ogg"
},
-- Lateral ejective affricates
{
name = "Alveolar lateral ejective affricate",
symbols = { "tɬʼ", "ƛʼ" },
audio = "Alveolar lateral ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Palatal lateral ejective affricate",
symbols = { "cʎ̝̊ʼ", "cʎ̥ʼ" },
audio = "Palatal lateral ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Velar lateral ejective affricate",
symbols = { "kʟ̝̊ʼ", "kʟ̥ʼ" },
audio = "Velar lateral ejective affricate.ogg"
},
{
name = "Uvular lateral ejective affricate",
symbols = { "q𝼄ʼ", "qʟ̝̊ʼ" },
},
-- Lateral ejective fricatives
{
name = "Alveolar lateral ejective fricative",
symbols = { "ɬʼ" },
audio = "Alveolar lateral ejective fricative.ogg"
},
-- Tenuis clicks
{
name = "Tenuis bilabial click",
symbols = { "ʘ", "kʘ" },
audio = "Clic bilabial sourd.ogg"
},
{
name = "Tenuis dental click",
symbols = { "ǀ", "kǀ" },
audio = "Dental click.ogg"
},
{
name = "Tenuis alveolar click",
symbols = { "ǃ", "kǃ" },
audio = "Postalveolar click.ogg"
},
{
name = "Tenuis palatal click",
symbols = { "ǂ", "kǂ" },
audio = "Palatoalveolar click.ogg"
},
{
name = "Back-released velar click",
symbols = { "ʞ" },
},
-- Voiced clicks
{
name = "Voiced bilabial click",
symbols = { "ʘ̬", "ɡʘ" },
},
{
name = "Voiced dental click",
symbols = { "ǀ̬", "ɡǀ" },
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar click",
symbols = { "ǃ̬", "ɡǃ" },
},
{
name = "Tenuis retroflex click",
symbols = { "𝼊" },
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal click",
symbols = { "ǂ̬", "ɡǂ" },
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex click",
symbols = { "𝼊̬", "ɡ𝼊" },
},
-- Nasal clicks
{
name = "Bilabial nasal click",
symbols = { "ʘ̃", "ŋʘ" },
audio = "Bilabial nasal click.ogg"
},
{
name = "Dental nasal click",
symbols = { "ǀ̃", "ŋǀ" },
},
{
name = "Alveolar nasal click",
symbols = { "ǃ̃", "ŋǃ" },
audio = "Intervocalic nasal alveolar clicks.ogg"
},
{
name = "Palatal nasal click",
symbols = { "ǂ̃", "ŋǂ" },
},
{
name = "Retroflex nasal click",
symbols = { "𝼊̃", "ŋ𝼊" },
},
-- Lateral clicks
{
name = "Tenuis alveolar lateral click",
symbols = { "ǁ", "kǁ" },
audio = "Alveolar lateral click.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar lateral click",
symbols = { "ǁ̬", "ɡǁ" },
},
-- Lateral nasal clicks
{
name = "Alveolar lateral nasal click",
symbols = { "ǁ̃", "ŋǁ" },
},
-- Glottalized clicks
{
name = "Glottalized bilabial nasal click",
symbols = { "ʘ̃ˀ", "ʘˀ", "ŋ̊ʘˀ", "ŋʘˀ" },
},
{
name = "Glottalized dental nasal click",
symbols = { "ǀ̃ˀ", "ǀˀ", "ŋ̊ǀˀ", "ŋǀˀ" },
},
{
name = "Glottalized alveolar nasal click",
symbols = { "ǃ̃ˀ", "ǃˀ", "ŋ̊ǃˀ", "ŋǃˀ" },
},
{
name = "Glottalized retroflex nasal click",
symbols = { "𝼊̃ˀ", "𝼊ˀ", "ŋ𝼊ˀ", "ŋ̊𝼊ˀ" },
},
{
name = "Glottalized palatal nasal click",
symbols = { "ǂ̃ˀ", "ǂˀ", "ŋ̊ǂˀ", "ŋǂˀ" },
},
{
name = "Glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click",
symbols = { "ǁ̃ˀ", "ǁˀ", "ŋ̊ǁˀ", "ŋǁˀ" },
},
-- Egressive clicks (for Damin)
{
name = "Egressive bilabial click",
symbols = { "ʘ↑" },
},
-- Implosives
{
name = "Voiceless bilabial implosive",
symbols = { "ɓ̥", "ƥ", "pʼ↓" },
audio = "Voiceless-bilabial-implosive.ogg",
},
{
name = "Voiced bilabial implosive",
symbols = { "ɓ" },
audio = "Voiced bilabial implosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless dental implosive",
symbols = { "ɗ̪̥", "ɗ̪̊", "ƭ̪", "t̪ʼ↓" },
},
{
name = "Voiced dental implosive",
symbols = { "ɗ̪" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar implosive",
symbols = { "ɗ̥", "ƭ", "tʼ↓" },
audio = "Voiceless-alveolar-implosive.ogg",
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar implosive",
symbols = { "ɗ" },
audio = "Voiced alveolar implosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless retroflex implosive",
symbols = { "ᶑ̊", "ᶑ̥", "𝼉" },
audio = "Voiceless-retroflex-implosive.ogg",
},
{
name = "Voiced retroflex implosive",
symbols = { "ᶑ" },
audio = "Voiced-retroflex-implosive.ogg",
},
{
name = "Voiceless palatal implosive",
symbols = { "ʄ̊", "ʄ̥", "ƈ", "cʼ↓" },
audio = "Voiceless palatal implosive.ogg",
},
{
name = "Voiced palatal implosive",
symbols = { "ʄ" },
audio = "Voiced palatal implosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless velar implosive",
symbols = { "ɠ̊", "ƙ", "kʼ↓" },
audio = "Voiceless-velar-implosive.ogg",
},
{
name = "Voiced velar implosive",
symbols = { "ɠ" },
audio = "Voiced velar implosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless uvular implosive",
symbols = { "ʛ̥", "ʠ", "qʼ↓" },
audio = "Voiceless-uvular-implosive.ogg",
},
{
name = "Voiced uvular implosive",
symbols = { "ʛ" },
audio = "Voiced uvular implosive.ogg"
},
-- CO-ARTICULATED CONSONANTS
-- Co-articulated nasals
{
name = "Voiced labial–alveolar nasal",
symbols = { "nm" },
},
{
name = "Voiced labial–velar nasal",
symbols = { "ŋm" },
audio = "Labial-velar nasal stop.ogg"
},
-- Co-articulated plosives
{
name = "Voiceless labial–alveolar plosive",
symbols = { "tp" },
},
{
name = "Voiced labial–alveolar plosive",
symbols = { "db" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless labial–velar plosive",
symbols = { "kp" },
audio = "Voiceless labial-velar plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced labial–velar plosive",
symbols = { "ɡb" },
audio = "Voiced labial-velar plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless labial–uvular plosive",
symbols = { "qp" },
audio = "Voiceless labial–uvular plosive.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiceless uvular–epiglottal plosive",
symbols = { "qʡ" },
},
-- Co-articulated implosives
{
name = "Voiceless labial–velar implosive",
symbols = { "ɠ̊ɓ̥", "ƙƥ", "kpʼ↓" },
audio = "Voiceless-labial–velar-implosive.ogg",
},
{
name = "Voiced labial–velar implosive",
symbols = { "ɠɓ", "ɡɓ" },
audio = "Voiced-labial-velar-implosive.ogg"
},
-- Co-articulated ejectives
{
name = "Labial–alveolar ejective stop",
symbols = { "tpʼ" },
},
-- Co-articulated continuants
{
name = "Voiceless labial–palatal fricative",
symbols = { "ɥ̊" },
},
{
name = "Voiced labial–palatal approximant",
symbols = { "ɥ" },
audio = "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-IPA ɥ.wav"
},
{
name = "Voiceless labial–velar fricative",
symbols = { "ʍ", "w̥", "hw" },
audio = "Voiceless labio-velar fricative.ogg"
},
{
name = "Voiced labial–velar approximant",
symbols = { "w" },
audio = "Voiced labio-velar approximant.ogg"
},
{
name = "Compressed voiced labial–velar approximant",
symbols = { "wᵝ", "ɰᵝ" },
article = "Voiced labial–velar approximant",
},
{
name = "Sj-sound",
symbols = { "ɧ" },
audio = "Voiceless dorso-palatal velar fricative.ogg"
},
-- Co-articulated lateral approximants
{
name = "Velarized dental lateral approximant",
symbols = { "ɫ̪", "l̪ˠ" },
},
{
name = "Velarized alveolar lateral approximant",
symbols = { "ɫ", "lˠ" },
audio = "Velarized alveolar lateral approximant.ogg"
},
-- Nasal approximants
{
name = "Nasal palatal approximant",
symbols = { "j̃" },
},
{
name = "Nasal labial–velar approximant",
symbols = { "w̃" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless nasal glottal approximant",
symbols = { "h̃" },
},
-- VOWELS
-- Close vowels
{
name = "Close front unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "i" },
audio = "Close front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close front rounded vowel",
symbols = { "y" },
audio = "Close front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close front compressed vowel",
symbols = { "y͍", "iᵝ" },
audio = "Close front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close front protruded vowel",
symbols = { "y̫", "yʷ", "iʷ" },
audio = "Close front protruded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close central unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɨ", "ï" },
audio = "Close central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close central rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ʉ", "ü" },
audio = "Close central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close central protruded vowel",
symbols = { "ʉ̫", "ʉʷ", "ɨʷ" },
audio = "Close central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close central compressed vowel",
symbols = { "ÿ", "ɨᵝ" },
},
{
name = "Close back unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɯ" },
audio = "Close back unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close back rounded vowel",
symbols = { "u" },
audio = "Close back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close back protruded vowel",
symbols = { "u̫", "uʷ", "ɯʷ" },
audio = "Close back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close back compressed vowel",
symbols = { "u͍", "ɯᵝ" },
audio = "Ja-U.oga"
},
-- Near-close vowels
{
name = "Near-close near-front unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɪ", "ɪ̟", "i̞", "e̝" },
audio = "Near-close near-front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-close near-front rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ʏ", "y̞", "y˕", "ø̝" },
audio = "Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-close near-front compressed vowel",
symbols = { "ʏ͍", "ɪᵝ" },
audio = "Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-close near-front protruded vowel",
symbols = { "ʏ̫", "ʏʷ", "ɪʷ" },
},
{
name = "Near-close central unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɪ̈", "ɨ̞", "ɘ̝" },
audio = "Near-close central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-close central rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ʊ̈", "ʊ̟", "ʉ̞", "ɵ̝" },
},
{
name = "Near-close central protruded vowel",
symbols = { "ʊ̫̈", "ʉ̫˕", "ʊ̈ʷ", "ʉ̞ʷ", "ɪ̈ʷ", "ɨ̞ʷ" },
},
{
name = "Near-close central compressed vowel",
symbols = { "ʏ̈", "ɨ̞ᵝ" },
},
{
name = "Near-close near-back unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɯ̞", "ɯ̽" },
audio = "Near-close near-back unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-close near-back rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ʊ", "u̞", "o̝" },
audio = "Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-close near-back protruded vowel",
symbols = { "ʊ̫", "ʊʷ", "ɯ̽ʷ", "ɤ̝̈ʷ", "u̫˕", "u̞ʷ", "ɯ̞ʷ", "ɤ̝ʷ" },
audio = "Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-close near-back compressed vowel",
symbols = { "ʊ͍", "ɯ̽ᵝ", "ɯ̞̈ᵝ", "ɯ̞ᵝ" },
},
-- Close-mid vowels
{
name = "Close-mid front unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "e" },
audio = "Close-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close-mid front rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ø" },
audio = "Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close-mid front compressed vowel",
symbols = { "ø͍", "eᵝ" },
audio = "Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close-mid front protruded vowel",
symbols = { "ø̫", "øʷ", "eʷ" },
},
{
name = "Close-mid central unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɘ", "ë", "ɤ̈" },
audio = "Close-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close-mid central rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɵ", "ö" },
audio = "Close-mid central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close-mid central protruded vowel",
symbols = { "ɵ̫", "ɵʷ", "ɘʷ" },
audio = "Close-mid central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close-mid central compressed vowel",
symbols = { "ø̈", "ɘᵝ" },
},
{
name = "Close-mid back unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɤ" },
audio = "Close-mid back unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close-mid back rounded vowel",
symbols = { "o" },
audio = "Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close-mid back protruded vowel",
symbols = { "o̫", "oʷ", "ɤʷ" },
audio = "Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Close-mid back compressed vowel",
symbols = { "o͍", "ɤᵝ" },
},
-- Mid vowels
{
name = "Mid front unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "e̞", "ɛ̝" },
audio = "Mid front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Mid front rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ø̞", "œ̝" },
audio = "Mid front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Mid front compressed vowel",
symbols = { "ø͍˕", "œ͍˔", "e̞ᵝ", "ɛ̝ᵝ" },
},
{
name = "Mid front protruded vowel",
symbols = { "ø̫˕", "œ̫˔", "ø̞ʷ", "œ̝ʷ", "e̞ʷ", "ɛ̝ʷ" },
},
{
name = "Mid central vowel",
symbols = { "ə" },
audio = "Mid-central vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Mid central unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ə̜", "ɘ̞", "ɜ̝" },
audio = "Mid-central vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Mid central rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ə̹", "ɵ̞", "ɞ̝" },
audio = "Mid central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Mid back unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɤ̞", "ʌ̝" },
audio = "ɤ̞ IPA sound.opus"
},
{
name = "Mid back rounded vowel",
symbols = { "o̞", "ɔ̝" },
audio = "Mid back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
-- Open-mid vowels
{
name = "Open-mid front unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɛ" },
audio = "Open-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open-mid front rounded vowel",
symbols = { "œ" },
audio = "Open-mid front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open-mid front compressed vowel",
symbols = { "œ͍", "ɛᵝ" },
audio = "Open-mid front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open-mid front protruded vowel",
symbols = { "œ̫", "œʷ", "ɛʷ" },
},
{
name = "Open-mid central unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɜ", "ɛ̈", "ʌ̈" },
audio = "Open-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open-mid central rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɞ" },
audio = "Open-mid central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open-mid back unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ʌ" },
audio = "PR-open-mid back unrounded vowel2.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open-mid back rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɔ" },
audio = "PR-open-mid back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
-- Near-open vowels
{
name = "Near-open front unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "æ" },
audio = "Near-open front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-open central vowel",
symbols = { "ɐ" },
audio = "Near-open central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-open central unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɐ̜", "ɜ̞" },
audio = "PR-near-open central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Near-open central rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɐ̹", "ɞ̞" },
},
-- Open vowels
{
name = "Open front unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "a", "æ̞" },
audio = "PR-open front unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open front rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɶ" },
audio = "Open front rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open central unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ä", "a̠", "ɑ̈", "ɐ̞" },
audio = "Open central unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open central rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɒ̈", "ɶ̈" },
audio = "Open central rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open back unrounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɑ" },
audio = "Open back unrounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "Open back rounded vowel",
symbols = { "ɒ" },
audio = "PR-open back rounded vowel.ogg"
},
{
name = "R-colored vowel",
symbols = { "ɚ", "ɝ", "ɹ̩", "ɻ̍" },
audio = "En-us-er.ogg"
},
-- SUPRASEGMENTALS
{
name = "Primary stress",
symbols = { "ˈ" },
article = "Stress (linguistics)",
},
{
name = "Secondary stress",
symbols = { "ˌ" },
},
{
name = "Minor (foot) group",
symbols = { "|" },
article = "Prosodic unit",
},
{
name = "Major (intonation) group",
symbols = { "‖" },
article = "Prosodic unit",
},
{
name = "Syllable break",
symbols = { "." },
article = "Syllable",
},
{
name = "Linking (absence of a break)",
symbols = { "‿" },
article = "Connected speech",
},
-- TONES AND WORD ACCENTS
{
name = "Downstep",
symbols = { "ꜜ" },
},
{
name = "Upstep",
symbols = { "ꜛ" },
},
{
name = "Global rise",
symbols = { "↗" },
article = "Intonation (linguistics)",
},
{
name = "Global fall",
symbols = { "↘" },
article = "Intonation (linguistics)",
},
-- EXTENDED IPA (extIPA)
{
name = "Bilabial percussive",
symbols = { "ʬ" },
audio = "Voiceless bilabial percussive.wav"
},
{
name = "Bidental percussive",
symbols = { "ʭ" },
audio = "Voiceless bidental percussive.wav"
},
{
name = "Velopharyngeal fricative",
symbols = { "ʩ" },
},
{
name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral–median fricative",
symbols = { "ʪ" },
article = "Lateral release (phonetics)",
},
{
name = "Voiced alveolar lateral–median fricative",
symbols = { "ʫ" },
article = "Lateral release (phonetics)",
},
{
name = "Ingressive airflow",
symbols = { "↓" },
article = "Ingressive sound",
},
{
name = "Egressive airflow",
symbols = { "↑" },
article = "Egressive sound",
},
{
name = "Apical r",
symbols = { "ɹ̺" },
article = "Pronunciation of English /r/",
},
{
name = "Bunched r",
symbols = { "ɹ̈" },
article = "Pronunciation of English /r/",
},
{
name = "Sublaminal lower alveolar percussive",
symbols = { "¡" },
article = "Sublingual percussive",
},
{
name = "Percussive alveolar click",
symbols = { "ǃ¡" },
audio = "Percussive alveolar click.ogg"
},
{
name = "Buccal interdental trill",
symbols = { "ↀr̪͆" },
article = "Blowing a raspberry",
},
-- NON-IPA
{
name = "Morphological boundary",
symbols = { "#" },
article = "Word stem",
},
{
name = "Zero",
symbols = { "∅" },
article = "Zero (linguistics)",
},
},
diacritics = {
-- DIACRITICS
{
name = "Voiceless",
symbols = { "̥", "̊", "ḁ", "å", "ů", "ẘ", "ẙ" },
},
{
name = "Voiced",
symbols = { "̬" },
article = "Voice (phonetics)",
},
{
name = "Aspirated",
symbols = { "ʰ" },
article = "Aspirated consonant",
},
{
name = "More rounded",
symbols = { "̹", "͗", "˒" },
article = "Roundedness",
},
{
name = "Less rounded",
symbols = { "̜", "͑", "˓", "͍" },
article = "Roundedness",
},
{
name = "Advanced",
symbols = { "̟", "˖" },
article = "Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted",
},
{
name = "Retracted",
symbols = { "̠", "˗" },
article = "Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted",
},
{
name = "Centralized",
symbols = { "̈" },
article = "Relative articulation#Centralized vowels",
},
{
name = "Mid-centralized",
symbols = { "̽" },
article = "Relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel",
},
{
name = "Syllabic",
symbols = { "̩", "̍" },
article = "Syllabic consonant",
},
{
name = "Non-syllabic",
symbols = { "̯", "̑" },
article = "Semivowel",
},
{
name = "Rhoticity",
symbols = { "˞" },
article = "R-colored vowel",
audio = "En-us-er.ogg"
},
{
name = "Breathy voiced",
symbols = { "̤", "ṳ", "ʱ" },
article = "Breathy voice",
},
{
name = "Creaky voiced",
symbols = { "̰", "ḛ", "ḭ", "ṵ" },
article = "Creaky voice",
},
{
name = "Linguolabial",
symbols = { "̼" },
article = "Linguolabial consonant",
},
{
name = "Labialized",
symbols = { "ʷ", "̫" },
article = "Labialization",
},
{
name = "Palatalized",
symbols = { "ʲ" },
article = "Palatalization (phonetics)",
},
{
name = "Velarized",
symbols = { "ˠ" },
article = "Velarization",
},
{
name = "Uvularized",
symbols = { "ʶ", "ᵡ" },
article = "Uvularization",
},
{
name = "Pharyngealized",
symbols = { "ˤ", "ᵸ" },
article = "Pharyngealization",
},
{
name = "Velarized or pharyngealized",
symbols = { "̴", "ᵯ", "ᵰ", "ᵱ", "ᵬ", "ᵮ", "ᵵ", "ᵭ", "ᵴ", "ᵶ", "ᵳ", "ᵲ" },
article = "Pharyngealization",
},
{
name = "Sulcalized",
symbols = { "ᵓ" },
article = "Sulcalization",
},
{
name = "Raised",
symbols = { "̝", "˔" },
article = "Relative articulation#Raised and lowered",
},
{
name = "Lowered",
symbols = { "̞", "˕" },
article = "Relative articulation#Raised and lowered",
},
{
name = "Advanced tongue root",
symbols = { "̘" },
},
{
name = "Retracted tongue root",
symbols = { "̙" },
},
{
name = "Dental",
symbols = { "̪", "͆" },
article = "Dental consonant",
},
{
name = "Apical",
symbols = { "̺" },
article = "Apical consonant",
},
{
name = "Laminal",
symbols = { "̻" },
article = "Laminal consonant",
},
{
name = "Nasalized",
symbols = { "̃", "ṽ" },
article = "Nasalization",
},
{
name = "Nasal vowel",
symbols = { "ĩ", "ỹ", "ɨ̃", "ʉ̃", "ɯ̃", "ũ", "ɪ̃", "ʏ̃", "ʊ̃", "ẽ", "ø̃", "ɘ̃", "ɵ̃", "ɤ̃", "õ", "ə̃", "ɛ̃", "œ̃", "ɜ̃", "ɞ̃", "ʌ̃", "ɔ̃", "æ̃", "ɐ̃", "ã", "ɶ̃", "ä̃", "ɑ̃", "ɒ̃" },
},
{
name = "Nasal release",
symbols = { "ⁿ" },
},
{
name = "Lateral release",
symbols = { "ˡ" },
article = "Lateral release (phonetics)",
},
{
name = "No audible release",
symbols = { "̚" },
},
{
name = "Ejective",
symbols = { "ʼ" },
article = "Ejective consonant",
},
{
name = "Glottalized",
symbols = { "ˀ" },
article = "Glottalization",
},
{
name = "Labio-palatalized",
symbols = { "ᶣ" },
article = "Labio-palatalization",
},
{
name = "Buccal speech",
symbols = { "ↀ" },
},
{
name = "Esophageal speech",
symbols = { "Œ" },
},
{
name = "Electrolaryngeal speech",
symbols = { "И" },
},
{
name = "Tracheo-esophageal speech",
symbols = { "Ю" },
},
-- SUPRASEGMENTALS
{
name = "Long",
symbols = { "ː" },
article = "Length (phonetics)",
},
{
name = "Half-long",
symbols = { "ˑ" },
article = "Length (phonetics)",
},
{
name = "Extra-short",
symbols = { "̆" },
article = "Extra-shortness",
},
-- TONES AND WORD ACCENTS
{
name = "Accent",
symbols = { "̋", "ű", "ӳ", "ő", "́", "í", "ý", "ú", "é", "ó", "á", "̄", "ī", "ȳ", "ū", "ē", "ō", "ǣ", "ā", "̀", "ì", "ỳ", "ù", "è", "ò", "à", "̏", "ȉ", "ȕ", "ȅ", "ȍ", "ȁ" },
article = "Pitch-accent language",
},
{
name = "Tone",
symbols = { "̌", "̂", "᷄", "᷅", "᷇", "᷆", "᷈", "᷉", "˥", "˦", "˧", "˨", "˩" },
article = "Tone (linguistics)",
},
-- EXTENDED IPA (extIPA)
{
name = "Alveolar",
symbols = { "͇" },
article = "Alveolar consonant",
},
{
name = "Strong articulation",
symbols = { "͈", "̎" },
article = "Fortis and lenis",
},
{
name = "Weak articulation",
symbols = { "͉", "᷂" },
article = "Fortis and lenis",
},
{
name = "Denasalized",
symbols = { "͊" },
article = "Denasalization",
},
{
name = "Velopharyngeal friction",
symbols = { "͌" },
article = "Velopharyngeal consonant",
},
{
name = "Whistled articulation",
symbols = { "͎" },
article = "Whistled sibilant",
},
{
name = "Unaspirated",
symbols = { "˭" },
article = "Tenuis consonant",
},
{
name = "Pre-aspiration",
symbols = { "ʰp", "ʰt", "ʰʈ", "ʰc", "ʰk", "ʰq", "ʰn" },
article = "Preaspiration",
},
-- NON-IPA
{
name = "Retroflex",
symbols = { "̣", "̢" },
article = "Retroflex consonant",
},
{
name = "Prenasalized consonant",
symbols = { "ᵐ", "ᶬ", "ⁿt", "ⁿd", "ⁿθ", "ⁿð", "ⁿs", "ⁿz", "ⁿʃ", "ⁿʒ", "ⁿɕ", "ⁿʑ", "ⁿr", "ⁿɬ", "ⁿɮ", "ⁿl", "ᶯ", "ᶮ", "ᵑ", "ᶰ" },
},
{
name = "Pre-stopped consonant",
symbols = { "ᵖ", "ᵇ", "ᵗ", "ᵈ", "𐞯", "𐞋", "ᶜ", "ᶡ", "ᵏ", "ᶢ", "ᴳ", "𐞳" },
},
{
name = "Post-stopped nasal",
symbols = { "mᵇ", "nᵈ", "ɳ𐞋", "ɲᶡ", "ŋᶢ", "ɴᴳ" },
},
}
}
for k, group in pairs(rawData) do
for _, v in ipairs(group) do
local t = {
name = v.name,
symbol = v.symbols[1],
article = v.article or v.name,
audio = v.audio or ""
}
for _, s in ipairs(v.symbols) do
data[k][s] = t
end
end
end
return { data = data, rawData = rawData }