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Immanuelle/Saonetsuhiko
Saonetsuhiko as depicted in Zenken Kojitsu [en] (1903)
IssueShimatsu no mikoto [ja]
HouseAncestor of Yamato clan and Kubiki Kokuzo [ja] and Akashi Kokuzo [ja]
FatherTakeuioki no mikoto [ja]

Saonetsuhiko is a Japanese deity..[1][2][3][4] He was the ancestor of the Yamato clan and key figure in Jimmu's Eastern Expedition [en].[1][2] He was the first lord of the Yamato Province.[5] He is recognized for helping Emperor Jimmu navigate through the sea on his journey to the east.[1]

He has alternative names including Shinetsuhiko, and Uzuhiko[a][1] and Yamato no Sukune.[6]

His grandfather is Furutama [simple; en:draft; ja; fr].

Encounter with Emperor Jimmu

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Saonetsuhiko is featured in two main Japanese historical texts, the Nihon Shoki and the Kojiki.[1] And is mentioned in the Harima Fudoki.[2] The Nihongi mentions the meeting with Jimmu right after his departure from Hyūga Province, whereas the Kojiki places it fifteen years later, after Jimmu had traveled through several regions. Both texts, however, agree on Saonetsuhiko's importance as the first spirit to offer his services to Jimmu and as an ancestor to important Yamato clans.[1]

According to the Nihon Shoki, Saonetsuhiko met Emperor Jimmu during the emperor's campaign to the east. The meeting took place when Jimmu was leaving Hyūga Province by ship. At the "straits of Hayasui," Jimmu saw Saonetsuhiko fishing from a turtle's back or, in another version of the story, from a small boat, and using sails or wings. When Jimmu asked for his name, Saonetsuhiko introduced himself as a kunitsukami [en; fr] with a deep understanding of the sea routes. This was the first use of the term which refers to local earth gods in Shinto. He offered his services to Jimmu, who then pulled Saonetsuhiko into his ship using the tip of a pole.[1] This was the first usage of the term kunitsukami [en; fr].[1] This act led to his name Saonetsuhiko, which means "pole-root-man."[1][2][7]

Saonetsuhiko played a major role in Jimmu's Eastern Expedition [en]. He observed and reported on a magical divination that Jimmu performed to defeat a group of eighty bandits in Shiki of Yamato. This divination involved collecting earth from the Heavenly Mount Kagu for the ritual. Saonetsuhiko, and a group of special forces infiltrated enemy lines to collect this earth. Furthermore, Saonetsuhiko was a military strategist, he used a "weak army" as a decoy to attract the enemy's forces, then defeating them with a "strong army."[1]

Genealogy

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Watatsumi[8][9]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Furutama-no-mikoto [ja; en; simple; fr][b][8]
 
Utsushihikanasaku [ja; en:draft; simple][11]
 
 Yasakatome[12]
 
 Takeminakata [en][13]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Toyotama-hime[9][14]
 
 Hoori[15]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Azumi people[11]
 
 
 
Suwa clan [en][13]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Takeuioki no mikoto [ja][8]
 
Amanosakitama no mikoto [ja]Kuroshima Isone hime [ja]
 
Ōasahiko [ja]
 
Ohonutehime [ja][c]
 
Kamo no Okimi [ja; en][17][18]
 
 
 Ugayafukiaezu[19][20]
 
 
Tamayori-hime [en][9]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Takakuraji [ja; en][21]
(Owari clan [ja; en] ancestor)
 
 
 
Kamo clan [en]
 
 Nunasokonakatsu-hime [ja; en][17][18]
 
 
 
 
711–585 BC

Emperor Jimmu[20]
660–585 BC(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
unknown generations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Saonetsuhiko [fr; ja; simple][1][2][8]
(Emperor Jimmu's appointment as Yamato Province Lord)
 
Yatamiko no mikoto [ja]
 
 
Ame no Murakumo [ja]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kamuyaimimi[22][23][24]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ōtataneko [ja; fr][25]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Yamato clan[1][2]
 
Yagi clan [ja; fr; simple][d]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Aso clan [ja; en][27]
 
 
Ō clan [ja; en][28][29]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Miwa clan [en][25]Okamotsumi [ja]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shimatsu no mikoto [ja]
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amaoshio no mikoto [ja]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Takehayamochi no mikoto [ja]
 
 
 
 
 
 
Okitsu Yoso [ja][30]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Yosotarashi-hime [en][30]
 
 501–393 BC

Emperor Kōshō
475–393 BC(5)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nishiba no mikoto [ja]
 
Minisohime no mikoto [ja]
 
 
Ōmikeshi [ja]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Owari clan [ja; en][30][21]
(unknown generations)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Idetasuni [ja]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mimo no sukune [ja]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ichishi no Nagaochi [ja; simple; fr]
(Emperor Sujin appointed him to worship Yamato Okunitama)
 
Mika no mikoto [ja]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kubiki Kokuzo [ja]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Iso no Sukune [ja]
 
 
Yashiro no Sukune [ja]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kate no Sukune [ja]
 
 
Tsuyaji no Sukune [ja]
 
Roko no Sukune [ja]
 
Otsuhine no Choku [ja]
 
 
Otoyo no mikoto [ja]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Naruko no Sukune [ja]
 
 
Akashi Kokuzo [ja]
 
Kurohime
 
Akahiko no Choku [ja]
 
 
Takeinadane [ja; en; fr][31]
 
Miyazu-hime [ja; en][31]
 
Yamato Takeru [en][31]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Maro no Sukune [ja]
 
 
Yamato no Agoko [ja; simple; fr]
 
Hinohime [ja]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nakui no Choku [ja]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Yukitei no Choku [ja]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Yamato no Tehiko [ja; simple; fr]
(Emperor Kinmei's Yamato Province Lord, participated in the Silla War)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Missing generations?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Echi [ja]
(Provincial Lord during Empress Suiko's reign)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Missing generations?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ryūmaro [ja]
(Emperor Tenmu's bestowed Rengo surname)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Yamato no Iotari [ja; simple; fr]
(Yamato Province Lord during Emperor Monmu [en]'s reign)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  • Pink is female.
  • Blue is male.
  • Grey means other or unknown.
  • Clans, families, people groups are in green.

See Also

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 "Encyclopedia of Shinto詳細". 國學院大學デジタルミュージアム (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-10-27.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 https://rekihaku.pref.hyogo.lg.jp/wp-content/themes/rekihaku/assets/pdf/harimanokunifudoki/english/chapter_3_5.pdf
  3. ↑ Yōko, Isse (2019). "Revisiting Tsuda Sōkichi in Postwar Japan: "Misunderstandings" and the Historical Facts of the Kiki". Japan Review (34): 139–160. ISSN 0915-0986.
  4. ↑ "Ancient Japan through Harima no Kuni Fudoki". 兵庫県立歴史博物館:兵庫県教育委員会 (in Japanese). Retrieved 2024-03-21.
  5. ↑ Bentley, John R., ed. (2006). "Book Ten Kokuzō Hongi". The Authenticity of Sendai Kuji Hongi. Brill's Japanese Studies Library. Vol. 25. BRILL. p. 362. doi:10.1163/9789047418191_022. ISBN 978-90-04-15225-0.
  6. ↑ Suzuki, Masanobu (2017-02-03). Clans and Genealogy in Ancient Japan. Routledge. p. 288. ISBN 978-1-315-27085-2.
  7. ↑ https://nichibun.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/7222/files/jare_032_005.pdf
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Matoshi Suzuki [ja] Hyakka Keizu Kou (百家系図稿)
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Akima, Toshio (1993). "The Origins of the Grand Shrine of Ise and the Cult of the Sun Goddess Amaterasu Ōmikami". Japan Review. 4 (4): 143. ISSN 0915-0986. JSTOR 25790929.
  10. ↑ 右京神別地祇部「八木造」条。
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Ofune Matsuri – A Unique Festival in Nagano, Japan! - Festivals & Events｜COOL JAPAN VIDEOS｜A Website With Information About Travel, Culture, Food, History, and Things to Do in Japan". cooljapan-videos.com. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  12. ↑ "八坂刀売神（ヤサカトメノカミ". 日本の神様辞典 (Nihon no Kamisama Jiten). Archived from the original on June 25, 2017. Retrieved May 27, 2017.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Picken, Stuart D.B. (28 December 2010). Historical Dictionary of Shinto. Scarecrow Press. p. 288. ISBN 978-0810871724.
  14. ↑ Mizue, Mori (10 May 2005). "Toyotamabime". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  15. ↑ Mizue, Mori (22 April 2005). "Hohodemi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  16. ↑ 中田憲信「尾張氏」『諸系譜』第二冊。
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Yasumaro. O, translated by Gustav Heldt. (2014) “Kojiki. An Account of Ancient Matters”. New York: Columbia University Press.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Ponsonby, F. (1959) “The Imperial House of Japan.” Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society.
  19. ↑ Mizue, Mori (12 May 2005). "Ugayafukiaezu". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "鵜葺草葺不合命" [Ugayafukiaezu]. Kokushi Daijiten (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. OCLC 683276033. Archived from the original on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2012-12-04.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Hoga, Toshio (2006). Tango no Amabe-shi no Shutsuji to sono ichizoku, Kokigi no Heya (丹後の海部氏の出自とその一族). Japan.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  22. ↑ Norinaga Motoori (2007). The Poetics of Motoori Norinaga: A Hermeneutical Journey. University of Hawaii Press. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-8248-3078-6.
  23. ↑ "神八井耳命（カムヤイミミノミコト）". nihonsinwa.com (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  24. ↑ "Book III", Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697, Volume 1, retrieved 2023-03-09 (called Kami-ya-wi-mimi in this source)
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Chamberlain, Basil. [SECT. LXV.—EMPEROR SŪ-JIN (PART III: STORY OF OHO-TATA-NE-KO'S BIRTH)] (The Kojiki). Read before the Asiatic Society of Japan on April 12, May 10, and June 21, 1882, reprinted in 1919. p. 219. His Augustness Oho-tata-ne-ko ... was the ancestor of the Dukes of Miwa and ofuruf the Dukes of Kamo.
  26. ↑ 右京神別地祇部「八木造」条。
  27. ↑ Takano, Tomoaki; Uchimura, Hiroaki (2006). History and Festivals of the Aso Shrine. Aso Shrine, Ichinomiya, Aso City.: Aso Shrine.
  28. ↑ Grapard, Allan G. (2023-04-28). The Protocol of the Gods: A Study of the Kasuga Cult in Japanese History. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-91036-2.
  29. ↑ Tenri Journal of Religion. Tenri University Press. 1968.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 "余曽多本毘売命（ヨソタホビメノミコト）". nihonsinwa.com (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-01-19.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 Ponsonby-Fane, R. A. B. (2016-05-11). "Atsuta Jingu". Studies In Shinto & Shrines (1st ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-98322-9.

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