User:ImprovedWikiImprovment/Essential medicines
WHO list of essential medicines, to all eventually be created/expanded.
Anaesthetics, preoperative medicines and medical gases
[change | change source]General anaesthetics and oxygen
[change | change source]Inhalational medicines
[change | change source]Injectable medicines
[change | change source]Local anaesthetics
[change | change source]Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures
[change | change source]Medical gases
[change | change source]Medicines for pain and palliative care
[change | change source]Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs)
[change | change source]- Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
- Ibuprofen[note 4]
- Paracetamol[note 5] (acetaminophen)
Opioid analgesics
[change | change source]Medicines for other common symptoms in palliative care
[change | change source]- Amitriptyline
- Cyclizine
- Dexamethasone
- Diazepam
- Docusate sodium
- Fluoxetine
- Haloperidol
- Hyoscine butylbromide
- Hyoscine hydrobromide
- Lactulose
- Loperamide
- Metoclopramide
- Midazolam
- Ondansetron[note 9]
- Senna
Antiallergics and medicines used in anaphylaxis
[change | change source]- Dexamethasone
- Epinephrine (adrenaline)
- Hydrocortisone
- Loratadine[note 10][note 11]
- Prednisolone[note 12]
Antidotes and other substances used in poisonings
[change | change source]Non-specific
[change | change source]Specific
[change | change source]- Acetylcysteine
- Atropine
- Calcium gluconate
- Methylthioninium chloride (methylene blue)
- Naloxone
- Penicillamine
- Prussian blue
- Sodium nitrite
- Sodium thiosulfate
- Deferoxamineα
- Dimercaprolα
- Fomepizoleα
- Sodium calcium edetateα
- Succimerα
Anticonvulsants/antiepileptics
[change | change source]- Carbamazepine
- Diazepam
- Lamotrigine[note 13]
- Lorazepam[note 14]
- Magnesium sulfate[note 15]
- Midazolam[note 16]
- Phenobarbital
- Phenytoin[note 17]
- Valproic acid (sodium valproate)[note 18]
- Ethosuximideα
- Valproic acid (sodium valproate)α
Anti-infective medicines
[change | change source]Anthelminthics
[change | change source]Intestinal anthelminthics
[change | change source]Antifilarials
[change | change source]Antischistosomals and other antinematode medicines
[change | change source]Cysticidal medicines
[change | change source]Antibacterials
[change | change source]Access group antibiotics
[change | change source]- Amikacin
- Amoxicillin
- Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid)
- Ampicillin
- Benzathine benzylpenicillin
- Benzylpenicillin
- Cefalexin
- Cefazolin[note 20]
- Chloramphenicol[note 21]
- Clindamycin
- Cloxacillin[note 22][note 23]
- Doxycycline[note 24]
- Gentamicin
- Metronidazole
- Nitrofurantoin
- Phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V)
- Procaine benzylpenicillin[note 25]
- Spectinomycin
- Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim)
- Trimethoprim
Watch group antibiotics
[change | change source]- Azithromycin
- Cefixime
- Cefotaxime[note 26]
- Ceftriaxone[note 27][note 28]
- Cefuroxime
- Ciprofloxacin
- Clarithromycin[note 29]
- Piperacillin/tazobactam (piperacillin + tazobactam)
- Vancomycin
- Ceftazidimeα
- Meropenemα[note 30]
- Vancomycinα
Reserve group antibiotics
[change | change source]- Cefiderocolα
- Ceftazidime/avibactam (ceftazidime + avibactam)α
- Colistinα
- Fosfomycinα
- Linezolidα
- Meropenem/vaborbactam (meropenem + vaborbactam)α
- Plazomicinα
- Polymyxin Bα
Antileprosy medicines
[change | change source]Antituberculosis medicines
[change | change source]- Ethambutol
- Ethambutol/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin (ethambutol + isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin)
- Ethambutol/isoniazid/rifampicin (ethambutol + isoniazid + rifampicin)
- Isoniazid
- Isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin (isoniazid + pyrazinamide + rifampicin)
- Isoniazid/rifampicin (isoniazid + rifampicin)
- Isoniazid/rifapentine (isoniazid + rifapentine)
- Moxifloxacin
- Pyrazinamide
- Rifabutin[note 31]
- Rifampicin
- Rifapentine
- Amikacinα
- Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid)α[note 32]
- Bedaquilineα[note 33]
- Clofazimineα
- Cycloserineα[note 34]
- Delamanidα
- Ethionamideα[note 35]
- Levofloxacinα
- Linezolidα
- Meropenemα[note 36]
- Moxifloxacinα
- P-aminosalicylic acidα
- Streptomycinα
Antifungal medicines
[change | change source]- Amphotericin B
- Clotrimazole
- Fluconazole
- Flucytosine
- Griseofulvin
- Itraconazole[note 37]
- Nystatin
- Voriconazole[note 38]
- Micafunginα[note 39]
- Potassium iodideα
Antiviral medicines
[change | change source]Antiherpes medicines
[change | change source]Antiretrovirals
[change | change source]Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
[change | change source]Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
[change | change source]Protease inhibitors
[change | change source]- Atazanavir/ritonavir (atazanavir + ritonavir)
- Darunavir
- Lopinavir/ritonavir (lopinavir + ritonavir)
- Ritonavir
Integrase inhibitors
[change | change source]Fixed-dose combinations of antiretroviral medicines
[change | change source]- Abacavir/lamivudine (abacavir + lamivudine)
- Dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir (dolutegravir + lamivudine + tenofovir)
- Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir[note 43]
- Efavirenz/lamivudine/tenofovir (efavirenz + lamivudine + tenofovir)
- Emtricitabine/tenofovir (emtricitabine + tenofovir)[note 43][note 44]
- Lamivudine/zidovudine (lamivudine + zidovudine)
Medicines for prevention of HIV-related opportunistic infections
[change | change source]- Isoniazid/pyridoxine/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (isoniazid + pyridoxine + sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim)
Other antivirals
[change | change source]Antihepatitis medicines
[change | change source]Medicines for hepatitis B
[change | change source]Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
[change | change source]Medicines for hepatitis C
[change | change source]Pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral combinations
[change | change source]- Daclatasvir[note 49]
- Daclatasvir/sofosbuvir (daclatasvir + sofosbuvir)
- Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (glecaprevir + pibrentasvir)
- Sofosbuvir[note 50]
- Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (sofosbuvir + velpatasvir)
Non-pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral combinations
[change | change source]- Dasabuvir
- Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (ledipasvir + sofosbuvir)
- Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir (ombitasvir + paritaprevir + ritonavir)
Other antivirals for hepatitis C
[change | change source]Antiprotozoal medicines
[change | change source]Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines
[change | change source]Antileishmaniasis medicines
[change | change source]Antimalarial medicines
[change | change source]For curative treatment
[change | change source]- Amodiaquine[note 54]
- Artemether[note 55]
- Artemether/lumefantrine (artemether + lumefantrine)[note 56]
- Artesunate[note 57]
- Artesunate/amodiaquine (artesunate + amodiaquine)[note 58]
- Artesunate/mefloquine (artesunate + mefloquine)
- Artesunate/pyronaridine tetraphosphate (artesunate + pyronaridine tetraphosphate)
- Chloroquine[note 59]
- Dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine phosphate (dihydroartemisinin + piperaquine phosphate)
- Doxycycline[note 60]
- Mefloquine[note 54]
- Primaquine[note 61]
- Quinine[note 62]
- Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine)[note 63]
For chemoprevention
[change | change source]- Amodiaquine + sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (Co-packaged)
- Chloroquine[note 64]
- Doxycycline
- Mefloquine
- Proguanil[note 65]
- Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine)
Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines
[change | change source]- Pyrimethamine
- Sulfadiazine
- Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim)
- Pentamidineα
Antitrypanosomal medicines
[change | change source]African trypanosomiasis
[change | change source]Medicines for the treatment of 1st stage African trypanosomiasis
[change | change source]Medicines for the treatment of 2nd stage African trypanosomiasis
[change | change source]American trypanosomiasis
[change | change source]Medicines for ectoparasitic infections
[change | change source]Antimigraine medicines
[change | change source]For treatment of acute attack
[change | change source]- Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
- Ibuprofen
- Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
- Sumatriptan
For prophylaxis
[change | change source]Immunomodulators and antineoplastics
[change | change source]Immunomodulators for non-malignant disease
[change | change source]Antineoplastics and supportive medicines
[change | change source]Cytotoxic medicines
[change | change source]- Arsenic trioxideα
- Asparaginaseα[note 72]
- Bendamustineα
- Bleomycinα
- Calcium folinateα
- Capecitabineα
- Carboplatinα
- Chlorambucilα
- Cisplatinα
- Cyclophosphamideα
- Cytarabineα
- Dacarbazineα
- Dactinomycinα
- Daunorubicinα
- Docetaxelα
- Doxorubicinα
- Etoposideα
- Fludarabineα
- Fluorouracilα
- Gemcitabineα
- Hydroxycarbamideα
- Ifosfamideα
- Irinotecanα
- Melphalanα
- Mercaptopurineα
- Methotrexateα
- Oxaliplatinα
- Paclitaxelα
- Pegaspargaseα[note 72]
- Procarbazineα
- Realgar Indigo naturalis formulationα
- Tioguanineα
- Vinblastineα
- Vincristineα
- Vinorelbineα
Targeted therapies
[change | change source]- All-trans retinoic acid (tretinoin) (ATRA)α
- Bortezomibα
- Dasatinibα
- Erlotinibα[note 73]
- Everolimusα
- Ibrutinibα
- Imatinibα
- Nilotinibα
- Rituximabα[note 72]
- Trastuzumabα[note 72]
Immunomodulators
[change | change source]Hormones and antihormones
[change | change source]- Abirateroneα[note 75]
- Anastrozoleα[note 76]
- Bicalutamideα[note 77]
- Dexamethasoneα
- Hydrocortisoneα
- Leuprorelinα[note 78]
- Methylprednisoloneα
- Prednisoloneα[note 79]
- Tamoxifenα
Supportive medicines
[change | change source]Antiparkinsonism medicines
[change | change source]Medicines affecting the blood
[change | change source]Antianaemia medicines
[change | change source]- Ferrous salt
- Ferrous salt/folic acid (ferrous salt + folic acid)
- Folic acid[note 82]
- Hydroxocobalamin
- Erythropoiesis-stimulating agentsα[note 83]
Medicines affecting coagulation
[change | change source]- Dabigatran[note 84]
- Enoxaparin[note 85]
- Heparin sodium
- Phytomenadione
- Protamine sulfate
- Tranexamic acid
- Warfarin
- Desmopressinα
- Heparin sodiumα
- Protamine sulfateα
- Warfarinα
Other medicines for haemoglobinopathies
[change | change source]Blood products of human origin and plasma substitutes
[change | change source]Blood and blood components
[change | change source]Plasma-derived medicines
[change | change source]Human immunoglobulins
[change | change source]- Rho(D) immune globulin (anti-D immunoglobulin)
- Anti-rabies immunoglobulin
- Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin
- Normal immunoglobulinα
Blood coagulation factors
[change | change source]Plasma substitutes
[change | change source]Cardiovascular medicines
[change | change source]Antianginal medicines
[change | change source]Antiarrhythmic medicines
[change | change source]- Bisoprolol[note 88]
- Digoxin
- Epinephrine (adrenaline)
- Lidocaine
- Verapamil
- Amiodaroneα
Antihypertensive medicines
[change | change source]- Amlodipine[note 89]
- Bisoprolol[note 90]
- Enalapril[note 91]
- Hydralazine[note 92]
- Hydrochlorothiazide[note 93]
- Lisinopril/amlodipine (lisinopril + amlodipine)[note 94]
- Lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide (lisinopril + hydrochlorothiazide)[note 95]
- Losartan[note 96]
- Methyldopa[note 97]
- Telmisartan/amlodipine (telmisartan + amlodipine)[note 98]
- Telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide (telmisartan + hydrochlorothiazide)[note 99]
- Sodium nitroprussideα
Medicines used in heart failure
[change | change source]- Bisoprolol[note 88]
- Digoxin
- Enalapril[note 100]
- Furosemide[note 101]
- Hydrochlorothiazide[note 93]
- Losartan[note 96]
- Spironolactone
- Dopamineα
Antithrombotic medicines
[change | change source]Anti-platelet medicines
[change | change source]- Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
- Clopidogrel
Thrombolytic medicines
[change | change source]Lipid-lowering agents
[change | change source]Dermatological medicines (topical)
[change | change source]Antifungal medicines
[change | change source]Anti-infective medicines
[change | change source]Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines
[change | change source]Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation
[change | change source]- Benzoyl peroxide
- Calcipotriol[note 106]
- Coal tar
- Fluorouracil
- Podophyllum resin[note 107]
- Salicylic acid
- Urea
Scabicides and pediculicides
[change | change source]Diagnostic agents
[change | change source]Ophthalmic medicines
[change | change source]Radiocontrast media
[change | change source]Antiseptics and disinfectants
[change | change source]Antiseptics
[change | change source]Disinfectants
[change | change source]Diuretics
[change | change source]- Amiloride
- Furosemide[note 113]
- Hydrochlorothiazide[note 93]
- Mannitol
- Spironolactone
- Hydrochlorothiazideα[note 114]
- Mannitolα
- Spironolactoneα
Gastrointestinal medicines
[change | change source]Antiulcer medicines
[change | change source]Antiemetic medicines
[change | change source]Anti-inflammatory medicines
[change | change source]Laxatives
[change | change source]Medicines used in diarrhoea
[change | change source]- Oral rehydration salts + zinc sulfate (Co-packaged)
Oral rehydration
[change | change source]Medicines for diarrhea
[change | change source]Medicines for endocrine disorders
[change | change source]Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes
[change | change source]Androgens
[change | change source]Estrogens
[change | change source]No listings in this section.
Progestogens
[change | change source]Medicines for diabetes
[change | change source]Insulins
[change | change source]- Insulin injection (soluble)[note 72]
- Intermediate-acting insulin[note 72]
- Long-acting insulin analogues[note 121]
Oral hypoglycaemic agents
[change | change source]Medicines for hypoglycaemia
[change | change source]Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines
[change | change source]- Levothyroxine
- Potassium iodide
- Methimazole[note 124]
- Propylthiouracil[note 125]
- Lugol's solutionα
- Methimazoleα[note 124]
- Potassium iodideα
- Propylthiouracilα[note 126]
Immunologicals
[change | change source]Diagnostic agents
[change | change source]- Tuberculin, purified protein derivative (PPD)
Sera, immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies
[change | change source]- Anti-rabies virus monoclonal antibodies[note 72]
- Antivenom immunoglobulin[note 127]
- Diphtheria antitoxin
- Equine rabies immunoglobulin
Vaccines
[change | change source]Recommendations for all
- BCG vaccine
- Diphtheria vaccine
- Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
- Hepatitis B vaccine
- Human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine
- Measles vaccine
- Pertussis vaccine
- Pneumococcal vaccine
- Poliomyelitis vaccine
- Rotavirus vaccine
- Rubella vaccine
- Tetanus vaccine
Recommendations for certain regions
- Japanese encephalitis vaccine[note 128]
- Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine[note 128]
- Yellow fever vaccine[note 128]
Recommendations for some high-risk populations
- Cholera vaccine[note 129]
- Dengue vaccine[note 129]
- Hepatitis A vaccine[note 129]
- Meningococcal meningitis vaccine[note 129]
- Rabies vaccine[note 129]
- Typhoid vaccine[note 129]
Recommendations for immunization programmes with certain characteristics
Muscle relaxants (peripherally-acting) and cholinesterase inhibitors
[change | change source]Ophthalmological preparations
[change | change source]Anti-infective agents
[change | change source]- Aciclovir
- Azithromycin
- Erythromycin[note 131]
- Gentamicin[note 132]
- Natamycin
- Ofloxacin[note 133]
- Tetracycline[note 134]
Anti-inflammatory agents
[change | change source]Local anesthetics
[change | change source]Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines
[change | change source]Mydriatics
[change | change source]- Atropine[note 138]
- Epinephrine (adrenaline)α
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
[change | change source]Medicines for reproductive health and perinatal care
[change | change source]Contraceptives
[change | change source]Oral hormonal contraceptives
[change | change source]- Ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel (ethinylestradiol + levonorgestrel)
- Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone (ethinylestradiol + norethisterone)
- Levonorgestrel
- Ulipristal
Injectable hormonal contraceptives
[change | change source]- Estradiol cypionate/medroxyprogesterone acetate (estradiol cypionate + medroxyprogesterone acetate)
- Medroxyprogesterone acetate
- Norethisterone enantate
Intrauterine devices
[change | change source]Barrier methods
[change | change source]Implantable contraceptives
[change | change source]Intravaginal contraceptives
[change | change source]Ovulation inducers
[change | change source]Uterotonics
[change | change source]- Carbetocin
- Ergometrine[note 140]
- Mifepristone + misoprostol (Co-packaged)[note 141]
- Misoprostol[note 142]
- Oxytocin
Antioxytocics (tocolytics)
[change | change source]Medicines administered to the mother
[change | change source]Medicines administered to the neonate
[change | change source]Peritoneal dialysis solution
[change | change source]- Intraperitoneal dialysis solution (of appropriate composition)α
Medicines for mental and behavioural disorders
[change | change source]Medicines used in psychotic disorders
[change | change source]- Chlorpromazine
- Fluphenazine
- Haloperidol
- Paliperidone[note 145]
- Risperidone
- Chlorpromazineα
- Clozapineα
- Haloperidolα
Medicines used in mood disorders
[change | change source]Medicines used in depressive disorders
[change | change source]Medicines used in bipolar disorders
[change | change source]- Carbamazepine
- Lithium carbonate
- Valproic acid (sodium valproate)[note 18]
Medicines for anxiety disorders
[change | change source]Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders
[change | change source]Medicines for disorders due to psychoactive substance use
[change | change source]Medicines acting on the respiratory tract
[change | change source]Antiasthmatics and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
[change | change source]- Budesonide[note 148]
- Budesonide/formoterol (budesonide + formoterol)[note 149]
- Epinephrine (adrenaline)
- Ipratropium bromide
- Salbutamol[note 150]
- Tiotropium[note 151]
Solutions correcting water, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances
[change | change source]Oral
[change | change source]Parenteral
[change | change source]- Glucose
- Glucose with sodium chloride
- Potassium chloride
- Sodium chloride
- Sodium hydrogen carbonate
- Sodium lactate, compound solution (Ringer's lactate solution)
Miscellaneous
[change | change source]Vitamins and minerals
[change | change source]- Ascorbic acid
- Calcium
- Colecalciferol[note 152]
- Ergocalciferol[note 153]
- Iodine
- Multiple micronutrient powder
- Nicotinamide
- Pyridoxine
- Retinol
- Riboflavin
- Thiamine
- Calcium gluconateα
Ear, nose and throat medicines
[change | change source]Medicines for diseases of joints
[change | change source]Medicines used to treat gout
[change | change source]Disease-modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders (DMARDs)
[change | change source]Juvenile joint diseases
[change | change source]- Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)[note 155]
Dental preparations
[change | change source]Notes
[change | change source]An α indicates the medicine is only on the complementary list. For these items specialized diagnostic or monitoring or specialist training are needed. An item may also be listed as complementary on the basis of higher costs or a less attractive cost-benefit ratio.[1][2]
- ↑ Thiopental may be used as an alternative depending on local availability and cost.
- ↑ (For use in spinal anaesthesia during delivery, to prevent hypotension).
- ↑ No more than 30% oxygen should be used to initiate resuscitation of neonates less than or equal to 32 weeks of gestation.
- ↑ Not in children less than 3 months.
- ↑ Not recommended for anti‐inflammatory use due to lack of proven benefit to that effect.
- ↑ For the management of cancer pain
- ↑ Alternatives limited to hydromorphone and oxycodone
- ↑ For the management of cancer pain.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Alternatives limited to dolasetron, granisetron, palonosetron, and tropisetron
- ↑ Alternatives limited to cetirizine and fexofenadine
- ↑ There may be a role for sedating antihistamines for limited indications (EMLc).
- ↑ Alternatives limited to prednisone
- ↑ For use as adjunctive therapy for treatment-resistant partial or generalized seizures.
- ↑ Alternatives limited to diazepam and midazolam
- ↑ For use in eclampsia and severe pre‐eclampsia and not for other convulsant disorders.
- ↑ For buccal administration when solution for oromucosal administration is not available.
- ↑ The presence of both 25 mg/5 mL and 30 mg/5 mL strengths on the same market would cause confusion in prescribing and dispensing and should be avoided.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Avoid use in pregnancy and in women and girls of child-bearing potential, unless alternative treatments are ineffective or not tolerated because of the high risk of birth defects and developmental disorders in children exposed to valproate in the womb.
- ↑ Oxamniquine is listed for use when praziquantel treatment fails.
- ↑ > 1 month.
- ↑ Only for the presumptive treatment of epidemic meningitis in children older than two years and in adults.
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (J01CF Beta-lactamase resistant penicillins)
- ↑ cloxacillin, dicloxacillin and flucloxacillin are preferred for oral administration due to better bioavailability.
- ↑ Use in children <8 years only for life-threatening infections when no alternative exists.
- ↑ Procaine benzylpenicillin is not recommended as first-line treatment for neonatal sepsis except in settings with high neonatal mortality, when given by trained health workers in cases where hospital care is not achievable.
- ↑ Third-generation cephalosporin of choice for use in hospitalized neonates.
- ↑ Do not administer with calcium and avoid in infants with hyperbilirubinemia.
- ↑ > 41 weeks corrected gestational age.
- ↑ Erythromycin may be an alternative. For use in combination regimens for eradication of H. pylori in adults
- ↑ Imipenem/cilastatin is an alternative for complicated intraabdominal infections and high-risk febrile neutropenia only, except for acute bacterial meningitis in neonates, where meropenem is preferred
- ↑ For use only in patients with HIV receiving protease inhibitors
- ↑ For use only in combination with meropenem or imipenem/cilastatin
- ↑ ≥ 5 years
- ↑ Terizidone may be an alternative
- ↑ Prothionamide may be an alternative
- ↑ Imipenem/cilastatin may be an alternative
- ↑ For treatment of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, histoplasmosis, sporotrichosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, mycoses caused by Talaromyces marneffei and chromoblastomycosis; and prophylaxis of histoplasmosis and infections caused by T. marneffei in AIDS patients.
- ↑ For treatment of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis and acute invasive aspergillosis.
- ↑ Alternatives limited to anidulafungin and caspofungin
- ↑ Alternatives limited to valaciclovir
- ↑ also indicated for pre-exposure prophylaxis.
- ↑ For use in pregnant women and in second-line regimens in accordance with WHO treatment guidelines.
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 Alternatives limited to lamivudine (for emtricitabine)
- ↑ combination also indicated for pre-exposure prophylaxis
- ↑ For the treatment of viral haemorrhagic fevers
- ↑ For the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVr).
- ↑ For severe illness due to confirmed or suspected influenza virus infection in critically ill hospitalized patients
- ↑ For the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVr).
- ↑ Pangenotypic when used in combination with sofosbuvir
- ↑ Pangenotypic when used in combination with daclatasvir
- ↑ For the treatment of hepatitis C, in combination with direct acting anti-viral medicines
- ↑ To be used in combination with ribavirin
- ↑ Alternatives limited to tinidazole
- ↑ 54.0 54.1 To be used in combination with artesunate 50 mg.
- ↑ For use in the management of severe malaria.
- ↑ Not recommended in the first trimester of pregnancy or in children below 5 kg.
- ↑ To be used in combination with either amodiaquine, mefloquine or sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine.
- ↑ Other combinations that deliver the target doses required such as 153 mg or 200 mg (as hydrochloride) with 50 mg artesunate can be alternatives.
- ↑ For use only for the treatment of Plasmodium vivax infection.
- ↑ For use only in combination with quinine.
- ↑ Only for use to achieve radical cure of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale infections, given for 14 days.
- ↑ For use only in the management of severe malaria, and should be used in combination with doxycycline.
- ↑ Only in combination with artesunate 50 mg.
- ↑ For use only in Central American regions, for Plasmodium vivax infections.
- ↑ For use only in combination with chloroquine.
- ↑ For the treatment of 1st and 2nd stage human African trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection.
- ↑ To be used for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection.
- ↑ To be used for the treatment of the initial phase of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection.
- ↑ To be used for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection
- ↑ Only to be used in combination with eflornithine, for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection.
- ↑ Certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab and infliximab are alternatives, including quality-assured biosimilars
- ↑ 72.0 72.1 72.2 72.3 72.4 72.5 72.6 72.7 72.8 Including quality-assured biosimilars
- ↑ Afatinib and gefitinib are alternatives
- ↑ Pembrolizumab is an alternative, including quality-assured biosimilars
- ↑ Alternatives limited to enzalutamide
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (L02BG Aromatase inhibitors)
- ↑ Alternatives limited to flutamide and nilutamide
- ↑ Alternatives limited to goserelin and triptorelin
- ↑ Alternatives limited to prednisone
- ↑ Alternatives limited to trihexyphenidyl
- ↑ Alternatives limited to benserazide (for carbidopa)
- ↑ periconceptual use for prevention of first occurrence of neural tube defects
- ↑ Alternatives limited to epoetin alfa, beta and theta, darbepoetin alfa, methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta, and their quality-assured biosimilars.
- ↑ Apixaban, edoxaban and rivaroxaban are alternatives
- ↑ Alternatives are limited to dalteparin and nadroparin, including their quality-assured biosimilars.
- ↑ Alternatives are limited to the oral form of deferasirox.
- ↑ Polygeline, injectable solution, 3.5% is considered an alternative.
- ↑ 88.0 88.1 88.2 Includes carvedilol and metoprolol as alternatives
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (C08CA Dihydropyridine derivatives)
- ↑ Includes atenolol, carvedilol, and metoprolol as alternatives. Atenolol should not be used as a first-line agent in uncomplicated hypertension in patients > 60 years.
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (C09AA ACE inhibitors, plain)
- ↑ Hydralazine is listed for use in the acute management of severe pregnancy‐induced hypertension only. Its use in the treatment of essential hypertension is not recommended in view of the availability of more evidence of efficacy and safety of other medicines.
- ↑ 93.0 93.1 93.2 Alternatives limited to chlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, and indapamide
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (C09AA ACE inhibitors, plain) (for lisinopril) and 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (C08CA Dihydropyridine derivatives) (for amlodipine)
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (C09AA ACE inhibitors, plain) (for lisinopril) and chlorthalidone, chlorothiazide, indapamide (for hydrochlorothiazide)
- ↑ 96.0 96.1 Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (C09CA Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), plain)
- ↑ Methyldopa is listed for use only in the management of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Its use in the treatment of essential hypertension is not recommended in view of the evidence of greater efficacy and safety of other medicines.
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (C09CA Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), plain) (for telmisartan) and 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (C08CA Dihydropyridine derivatives) (for amlodipine)
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (C09CA Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), plain) (for telmisartan) and chlorthalidone, chlorothiazide, indapamide (for hydrochlorothiazide)
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (C09AA ACE inhibitors, plain)
- ↑ Alternatives limited to bumetanide and torasemide
- ↑ For use in high‐risk patients. Alternatives limited to atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, and pravastatin
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (D01AC Imidazole and triazole derivatives) excluding combinations
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (D07AC Corticosteroids, potent (group III))
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (D07AA Corticosteroids, weak (group I))
- ↑ Alternatives limited to calcitriol and tacalcitol
- ↑ Alternatives limited to podophyllotoxin
- ↑ Alternatives limited to precipitated sulfur topical ointment
- ↑ Alternatives limited to atropine and cyclopentolate
- ↑ Alternatives limited to propanol
- ↑ Alternatives limited to iodine
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (D08AE Phenol and derivatives)
- ↑ Alternatives limited to bumetanide and torasemide
- ↑ Alternatives limited to chlorothiazide and chlorthalidone
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (A02BC Proton pump inhibitors) excluding combinations
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (A02BA H2-receptor antagonists) excluding combinations
- ↑ Alternatives limited to mesalazine
- ↑ Alternatives limited to bisacodyl
- ↑ In acute diarrhoea zinc sulfate should be used as an adjunct to oral rehydration salts.
- ↑ Alternatives limited to norethisterone
- ↑ Alternatives limited to insulin degludec, insulin detemir, and insulin glargine, including quality-assured biosimilars
- ↑ Alternatives limited to canagliflozin and dapagliflozin
- ↑ Glibenclamide not suitable above 60 years. Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (A10BB Sulfonylureas)
- ↑ 124.0 124.1 Carbimazole is an alternative depending on local availability
- ↑ For use when alternative first-line treatment is not appropriate or available; and in patients during the first trimester of pregnancy.
- ↑ For use when alternative first-line treatment is not appropriate or available
- ↑ Exact type to be defined locally
- ↑ 128.0 128.1 128.2 Recommended for certain regions
- ↑ 129.0 129.1 129.2 129.3 129.4 129.5 Recommended for some high-risk populations
- ↑ 130.0 130.1 130.2 Recommended only for immunization programmes with certain characteristics
- ↑ For infections due to Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
- ↑ Alternatives limited to amikacin, kanamycin, netilmicin, and tobramycin
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (S01AE Fluoroquinolones)
- ↑ Alternatives limited to chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (S01HA Local anaesthetics) excluding cocaine and combinations
- ↑ Alternatives limited to carbachol
- ↑ Alternatives limited to 4th level ATC chemical subgroup (S01ED Beta blocking agents) excluding combinations
- ↑ Alternatives limited to cyclopentolate hydrochloride or homatropine hydrobromide only for the EMLc
- ↑ For use in women actively breastfeeding at least 4 times per day
- ↑ Alternatives limited to methylergometrine
- ↑ Where permitted under national law and where culturally acceptable.
- ↑ Only for use for induction of labour where appropriate facilities are available.
- ↑ Alternatives limited to indometacin
- ↑ Alternatives limited to prostaglandin E2
- ↑ Alternatives limited to risperidone injection
- ↑ Alternatives limited to citalopram, escitalopram, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline
- ↑ Alternatives limited to buprenorphine. The medicines should only be used within an established support programme.
- ↑ Alternatives limited to beclometasone, ciclesonide, flunisolide, fluticasone, and mometasone
- ↑ Alternatives limited to beclometasone/formoterol, budesonide/salmeterol, fluticasone/formoterol, fluticasone furoate/vilanterol, and mometasone/formoterol
- ↑ Alternatives limited to terbutaline
- ↑ Alternatives limited to aclidinium, glycopyrronium, and umeclidinium
- ↑ Ergocalciferol can be used as an alternative.
- ↑ Colecalciferol can be used as an alternative.
- ↑ Alternatives limited to ofloxacin
- ↑ For use for rheumatic fever, juvenile arthritis, Kawasaki disease